第8章

Ididnotnoticeitatfirst，butIseeitnow。Somehowhehasgothisrightarmonhisleftshoulder，andhisleftarmonhisrightshoulder，andthisshowsusthebackofhishandsinbothinstances。Itmakeshimlefthandedallaround，whichisathingwhichhasneverhappenedbefore，exceptperhapsinamuseum。

Thatisthewaywithart，whenitisnotacquiredbutborntoyou:youstartintomakesomesimplelittlething，notsuspectingthatyourgeniusisbeginningtoworkandswellandstraininsecret，andallofasuddenthereisaconvulsionandyoufetchoutsomethingastonishing。Thisiscalledinspiration。

Itisanaccident;youneverknowwhenitiscoming。ImighthavetriedasmuchasayeartothinkofsuchastrangethingasanallaroundlefthandedmanandIcouldnothavedoneit，forthemoreyoutrytothinkofanunthinkablethingthemoreiteludesyou;butitcan’teludeinspiration;youhaveonlytobaitwithinspirationandyouwillgetiteverytime。LookatBotticelli’s"Spring。"Thosesnakywomenwereunthinkable，butinspirationsecuredthemforus，thankstogoodness。Itistoolatetoreorganizethiseditorcriticnow;wewillleavehimasheis。Hewillservetoremindus。

RichardII。next;twentytwoWHITEsquares。（Fig。16。）

WeusethelionagainbecausethisisanotherRichard。LikeEdwardII。，hewasDEPOSED。Heistakingalastsadlookathiscrownbeforetheytakeitaway。TherewasnotroomenoughandI

havemadeittoosmall;butitneverfittedhim，anyway。

NowweturnthecornerofthecenturywithanewlineofmonarchstheLancastriankings。

HenryIV。;fourteensquaresofYELLOWpaper。（Fig。17。）

Thishenhaslaidtheeggofanewdynastyandrealizesthemagnitudeoftheevent。Sheisgivingnoticeintheusualway。

YounoticeIamimprovingintheconstructionofhens。AtfirstImadethemtoomuchlikeotheranimals，butthisoneisorthodox。Imentionthistoencourageyou。Youwillfindthatthemoreyoupracticethemoreaccurateyouwillbecome。Icouldalwaysdrawanimals，butbeforeIwaseducatedIcouldnottellwhatkindtheywerewhenIgotthemdone，butnowIcan。Keepupyourcourage;itwillbethesamewithyou，althoughyoumaynotthinkit。ThisHenrydiedtheyearafterJoanofArcwasborn。

HenryV。;nineBLUEsquares。（Fig。18）

ThereyouseehimlostinmeditationoverthemonumentwhichrecordstheamazingfiguresofthebattleofAgincourt。Frenchhistorysays20，000Englishmenrouted80，000Frenchmenthere;andEnglishhistorianssaythattheFrenchloss，inkilledandwounded，was60，000。

HenryVI。;thirtynineREDsquares。（Fig。19）

ThisispoorHenryVI。，whoreignedlongandscoredmanymisfortunesandhumiliations。Alsotwogreatdisasters:helostFrancetoJoanofArcandhelostthethroneandendedthedynastywhichHenryIV。hadstartedinbusinesswithsuchgoodprospects。Inthepictureweseehimsadandwearyanddowncast，withthescepterfallingfromhisnervelessgrasp。Itisapatheticquenchingofasunwhichhadriseninsuchsplendor。

EdwardIV。;twentytwoLIGHTBROWNsquares。（Fig。20。）

Thatisasocietyeditor，sittingthereelegantlydressed，withhislegscrossedinthatindolentway，observingtheclothestheladieswear，sothathecandescribethemforhispaperandmakethemoutfinerthantheyareandgetbribesforitandbecomewealthy。Thatflowerwhichheiswearinginhisbuttonholeisaroseawhiterose，aYorkroseandwillservetoremindusoftheWaroftheRoses，andthatthewhiteonewasthewinningcolorwhenEdwardgotthethroneanddispossessedtheLancastriandynasty。

EdwardV。;onethirdofaBLACKsquare。（Fig。21。）

HisuncleRichardhadhimmurderedinthetower。Whenyougetthereignsdisplayeduponthewallthisonewillbeconspicuousandeasilyremembered。ItistheshortestoneinEnglishhistoryexceptLadyJaneGrey’s，whichwasonlyninedays。SheisneverofficiallyrecognizedasamonarchofEngland，butifyouorIshouldeveroccupyathroneweshouldliketohavepropernoticetakenofit;anditwouldbeonlyfairandright，too，particularlyifwegainednothingbyitandlostourlivesbesides。

RichardIII。;twoWHITEsquares。（Fig。22。）

Thatisnotaverygoodlion，butRichardwasnotaverygoodking。Youwouldthinkthatthislionhastwoheads，butthatisnotso;oneisonlyashadow。Therewouldbeshadowsfortherestofhim，buttherewasnotlightenoughtogoround，itbeingadullday，withonlyfleetingsunglimpsesnowandthen。

Richardhadahumpedbackandahardheart，andfellatthebattleofBosworth。Idonotknowthenameofthatflowerinthepot，butwewilluseitasRichard’strademark，foritissaidthatitgrowsinonlyoneplaceintheworldBosworthFieldandtraditionsaysitnevergrewthereuntilRichard’sroyalbloodwarmeditshiddenseedtolifeandmadeitgrow。

HenryVII。;twentyfourBLUEsquares。（Fig。23。）

HenryVII。hadnolikingforwarsandturbulence;hepreferredpeaceandquietandthegeneralprosperitywhichsuchconditionscreate。Helikedtositonthatkindofeggsonhisownprivateaccountaswellasthenation’s，andhatchthemoutandcountuptheirresult。Whenhediedhelefthisheir2，000，000pounds，whichwasamostunusualfortuneforakingtopossessinthosedays。Columbus’sgreatachievementgavehimthediscoveryfever，andhesentSebastianCabottotheNewWorldtosearchoutsomeforeignterritoryforEngland。ThatisCabot’sshipupthereinthecorner。ThiswasthefirsttimethatEnglandwentfarabroadtoenlargeherestatebutnotthelast。

HenryVIII。;thirtyeightREDsquares。（Fig。24。）

ThatisHenryVIII。suppressingamonasteryinhisarrogantfashion。

EdwardVI。;sixsquaresofYELLOWpaper。（Fig。25。）

HeisthelastEdwardtodate。Itisindicatedbythatthingoverhishead，whichisaLASTshoemaker’slast。

Mary;fivesquaresofBLACKpaper。（Fig。26。）

Thepicturerepresentsaburningmartyr。Heisinbackofthesmoke。ThefirstthreelettersofMary’snameandthefirstthreeofthewordmartyrarethesame。Martyrdomwasgoingoutinherdayandmartyrswerebecomingscarcer，butshemadeseveral。ForthisreasonsheissometimescalledBloodyMary。

ThisbringsustothereignofElizabeth，afterpassingthroughaperiodofnearlyfivehundredyearsofEngland’shistory492tobeexact。Ithinkyoumaynowbetrustedtogotherestofthewaywithoutfurtherlessonsinartorinspirationsinthematterofideas。Youhavetheschemenow，andsomethingintheruler’snameorcareerwillsuggestthepictorialsymbol。Theeffortofinventingsuchthingswillnotonlyhelpyourmemory，butwilldeveloporiginalityinart。Seewhatithasdoneforme。IfyoudonotfindtheparlorwallbigenoughforallofEngland’shistory，continueitintothedining

roomandintootherrooms。Thiswillmakethewallsinterestingandinstructiveandreallyworthsomethinginsteadofbeingjustflatthingstoholdthehousetogether。

1。Summerof1899。

THEMEMORABLEASSASSINATION

Note。TheassassinationoftheEmpressofAustriaatGeneva，September10，1898，occurredduringMarkTwain’sAustrianresidence。ThenewscametohimatKaltenleutgeben，asummerresortalittlewayoutofVienna。Tohisfriend，theRev。Jos。

H。Twichell，hewrote:

"Thatgoodandunoffendinglady，theEmpress，iskilledbyamadman，andIamlivinginthemidstofworldhistoryagain。TheQueen’sJubileelastyear，theinvasionoftheReichsrathbythepolice，andnowthismurder，whichwillstillbetalkedofanddescribedandpaintedathousandathousandyearsfromnow。Tohaveapersonalfriendoftheweareroftwocrownsburstinatthegateinthedeepduskoftheeveningandsay，inavoicebrokenwithtears，’MyGod！theEmpressismurdered，’andflytowardherhomebeforewecanutteraquestionwhy，itbringsthegianteventhometoyou，makesyouapartofitandpersonallyinterested;itisasifyourneighbor，Antony，shouldcomeflyingandsay，’Caesarisbutcheredtheheadoftheworldisfallen！’

"Ofcoursethereisnotalkbutofthis。Themourningisuniversalandgenuine，theconsternationisstupefying。TheAustrianEmpireisbeingdrapedwithblack。ViennawillbeaspectacletoseebynextSaturday，whenthefuneralcort`egemarches。"

Hewasstronglymovedbythetragedy，impelledtowriteconcerningit。Hepreparedthearticlewhichfollows，butdidnotofferitforpublication，perhapsfeelingthathisowncloseassociationwiththecourtcirclesatthemomentprohibitedthispersonalutterance。Thereappearsnosuchreasonforwithholdingitspublicationnow。

A。B。P。

Themoreonethinksoftheassassination，themoreimposingandtremendoustheeventbecomes。Thedestructionofacityisalargeevent，butitisonewhichrepeatsitselfseveraltimesinathousandyears;thedestructionofathirdpartofanationbyplagueandfamineisalargeevent，butithashappenedseveraltimesinhistory;themurderofakingisalargeevent，butithasbeenfrequent。

Themurderofanempressisthelargestofallevents。Onemustgobackabouttwothousandyearstofindaninstancetoputwiththisone。TheoldestfamilyofunchallengeddescentinChristendomlivesinRomeandtracesitslinebackseventeenhundredyears，butnomemberofithasbeenpresentintheearthwhenanempresswasmurdered，untilnow。Manyatimeduringtheseseventeencenturiesmembersofthatfamilyhavebeenstartledwiththenewsofextraordinaryeventsthedestructionofcities，thefallofthrones，themurderofkings，thewreckofdynasties，theextinctionofreligions，thebirthofnewsystemsofgovernment;andtheirdescendantshavebeenbytohearofitandtalkaboutitwhenallthesethingswererepeatedonce，twice，oradozentimesbuttoeventhatfamilyhascomenewsatlastwhichisnotstaledbyuse，hasnoduplicatesinthelongreachofitsmemory。

Itisaneventwhichconfersacuriousdistinctionuponeveryindividualnowlivingintheworld:hehasstoodaliveandbreathinginthepresenceofaneventsuchashasnotfallenwithintheexperienceofanytraceableoruntraceableancestorofhisfortwentycenturies，anditisnotlikelytofallwithintheexperienceofanydescendantofhisfortwentymore。

TimehasmadesomegreatchangessincetheRomandays。ThemurderofanempresstheneventheassassinationofCaesarhimselfcouldnotelectrifytheworldasthismurderhaselectrifiedit。Foronereason，therewasthennotmuchofaworldtoelectrify;itwasasmallworld，astoknownbulk，andithadratherathinpopulation，besides;andforanotherreason，thenewstraveledsoslowlythatitstremendousinitialthrillwastedaway，weekbyweekandmonthbymonth，onthejourney，andbythetimeitreachedtheremoterregionstherewasbutlittleofitleft。Itwasnolongerafreshevent，itwasathingofthefarpast;itwasnotproperlynews，itwashistory。Buttheworldisenormousnow，andprodigiouslypopulatedthatisonechange;andanotheristhelightningswiftnessoftheflightoftidings，goodandbad。"TheEmpressismurdered！"WhenthoseamazingwordsstruckuponmyearinthisAustrianvillagelastSaturday，threehoursafterthedisaster，IknewthatitwasalreadyoldnewsinLondon，Paris，Berlin，NewYork，SanFrancisco，Japan，China，Melbourne，CapeTown，Bombay，Madras，Calcutta，andthattheentireglobewithasinglevoice，wascursingtheperpetratorofit。Sincethetelegraphfirstbegantostretchitselfwiderandwiderabouttheearth，largerandincreasinglylargerareasoftheworldhave，astimewenton，receivedsimultaneouslytheshockofagreatcalamity;butthisisthefirsttimeinhistorythattheentiresurfaceoftheglobehasbeensweptinasingleinstantwiththethrillofsogiganticanevent。

Andwhoisthemiracleworkerwhohasfurnishedtotheworldthisspectacle？Alltheironiesarecompactedintheanswer。Heisatthebottomofthehumanladder，astheacceptedestimatesofdegreeandvaluego:asoiledandpatchedyoungloafer，withoutgifts，withouttalents，withouteducation，withoutmorals，withoutcharacter，withoutanyborncharmoranyacquiredonethatwinsorbeguilesorattracts;withoutasinglegraceofmindorheartorhandthatanytramporprostitutecouldenvyhim;anunfaithfulprivateintheranks，anincompetentstone

cutter，aninefficientlackey;inaword，amangy，offensive，empty，unwashed，vulgar，gross，mephitic，timid，sneaking，humanpolecat。Anditwaswithintheprivilegesandpowersofthissarcasmuponthehumanracetoreachupupupandstrikefromitsfarsummitinthesocialskiestheworld’sacceptedidealofGloryandMightandSplendorandSacredness！Itrealizestouswhatsorryshowsandshadowsweare。Withoutourclothesandourpedestalswearepoorthingsandmuchofasize;ourdignitiesarenotreal，ourpompsareshams。Atourbestandstateliestwearenotsuns，aswepretended，andteach，andbelieve，butonlycandles;andanybummercanblowusout。

Andnowwegetrealizedtousoncemoreanotherthingwhichweoftenforgetortryto:thatnomanhasawhollyundiseasedmind;thatinonewayoranotherallmenaremad。Manyaremadformoney。Whenthismadnessisinamildformitisharmlessandthemanpassesforsane;butwhenitdevelopspowerfullyandtakespossessionoftheman，itcanmakehimcheat，rob，andkill;andwhenhehasgothisfortuneandlostitagainitcanlandhimintheasylumorthesuicide’scoffin。Loveisamadness;ifthwarteditdevelopsfast;itcangrowtoafrenzyofdespairandmakeanotherwisesaneandhighlygiftedprince，likeRudolph，throwawaythecrownofanempireandsnuffouthisownlife。Allthewholelistofdesires，predilections，aversions，ambitions，passions，cares，griefs，regrets，remorses，areincipientmadness，andreadytogrow，spread，andconsume，whentheoccasioncomes。Therearenohealthyminds，andnothingsavesanymanbutaccidenttheaccidentofnothavinghismaladyputtothesupremetest。

Oneofthecommonestformsofmadnessisthedesiretobenoticed，thepleasurederivedfrombeingnoticed。Perhapsitisnotmerelycommon，butuniversal。Initsmildestformitdoubtlessisuniversal。Everychildispleasedatbeingnoticed;

manyintolerablechildrenputintheirwholetimeindistressingandidioticefforttoattracttheattentionofvisitors;boysarealways"showingoff";apparentlyallmenandwomenaregladandgratefulwhentheyfindthattheyhavedoneathingwhichhasliftedthemforamomentoutofobscurityandcausedwonderingtalk。Thiscommonmadnesscandevelop，bynurture，intoahungerfornotorietyinone，forfameinanother。Itisthismadnessforbeingnoticedandtalkedaboutwhichhasinventedkingshipandthethousandotherdignities，andtrickedthemoutwithprettyandshowyfineries;ithasmadekingspickoneanother’spockets，scrambleforoneanother’scrownsandestates，slaughteroneanother’ssubjects;ithasraisedupprizefighters，andpoets，andvillagesmayors，andlittleandbigpoliticians，andbigandlittlecharityfounders，andbicyclechampions，andbandittichiefs，andfrontierdesperadoes，andNapoleons。

Anythingtogetnotoriety;anythingtosetthevillage，orthetownship，orthecity，ortheState，orthenation，ortheplanetshouting，"Looktherehegoesthatistheman！"Andinfiveminutes’time，atnocostofbrain，orlabor，orgeniusthismangyItaliantramphasbeatenthemall，transcendedthemall，outstrippedthemall，forintimetheirnameswillperish;butbythefriendlyhelpoftheinsanenewspapersandcourtsandkingsandhistorians，hisissafeandliveandthunderintheworldalldowntheagesaslongashumanspeechshallendure！Oh，ifitwerenotsotragichowludicrousitwouldbe！

Shewassoblameless，theEmpress;andsobeautiful，inmindandheart，inpersonandspirit;andwhetherwithacrownuponherheadorwithoutitandnameless，agracetothehumanrace，andalmostajustificationofitscreation;WOULDbe，indeed，butthattheanimalthatstruckherdownreestablishesthedoubt。

Inhercharacterwaseveryqualitythatinwomaninvitesandengagesrespect，esteem，affection，andhomage。Hertastes，herinstincts，andheraspirationswereallhighandfineandallherlifeherheartandbrainwerebusywithactivitiesofanoblesort。Shehadhadbittergriefs，buttheydidnotsourherspirit，andshehadhadthehighesthonorsintheworld’sgift，butshewenthersimplewayunspoiled。Sheknewallranks，andwonthemall，andmadethemherfriends。AnEnglishfisherman’swifesaid，"Whenabodywasintroubleshedidn’tsendherhelp，shebroughtitherself。"Crownshaveadornedothers，butsheadornedhercrowns。

Itwasaswiftcelebritytheassassinachieved。Anditismarkedbysomecuriouscontrasts。Atnoonlast，Saturdaytherewasnooneintheworldwhowouldhaveconsideredacquaintanceshipwithhimathingworthclaimingormentioning;

noonewouldhavebeenvainofsuchanacquaintanceship;thehumblesthonestbootblackwouldnothavevaluedthefactthathehadmethimorseenhimatsometimeorother;hewassunkinabysmalobscurity，hewasawaybeneaththenoticeofthebottomgradesofofficialdom。Threehourslaterhewastheonesubjectofconversationintheworld，thegildedgeneralsandadmiralsandgovernorswerediscussinghim，allthekingsandqueensandemperorshadputasidetheirotherintereststotalkabouthim。

Andwherevertherewasaman，atthesummitoftheworldorthebottomofit，whobychancehadatsometimeorothercomeacrossthatcreature，heremembereditwithasecretsatisfaction，andMENTIONEDitforitwasadistinction，now！Itbringshumandignityprettylow，andforamomentthethingisnotquiterealizablebutitisperfectlytrue。Ifthereisakingwhocanremember，now，thatheoncesawthatcreatureinatimepast，hehasletthatfactout，inamoreorlessstudiedlycasualandindifferentway，somedozensoftimesduringthepastweek。Forakingismerelyhuman;theinsideofhimisexactlyliketheinsideofanyotherperson;anditishumantofindsatisfactioninbeinginakindofpersonalwayconnectedwithamazingevents。

Weareallprivatelyvainofsuchathing;weareallalike;akingisakingbyaccident;thereasontherestofusarenotkingsismerelyduetoanotheraccident;weareallmadeoutofthesameclay，anditisasufficientpoorquality。

Belowthekings，theseremarksareintheairthesedays;I

knowitwellasifIwerehearingthem:

THECOMMANDER:"Hewasinmyarmy。"

THEGENERAL:"Hewasinmycorps。"

THECOLONEL:"Hewasinmyregiment。Abrute。Irememberhimwell。"

THECAPTAIN:"Hewasinmycompany。Atroublesomescoundrel。Irememberhimwell。"

THESERGEANT:"DidIknowhim？AswellasIknowyou。

Why，everymorningIusedto"etc。，etc。;aglad，longstory，toldtodevouringears。

THELANDLADY:"Many’sthetimeheboardedwithme。Icanshowyouhisveryroom，andtheverybedhesleptin。Andthecharcoalmarkthereonthewallhemadethat。MylittleJohnnysawhimdoitwithhisowneyes。Didn’tyou，Johnny？"

Itiseasytosee，bythepapers，thatthemagistrateandtheconstablesandthejailertreasureuptheassassin’sdailyremarksanddoingsaspreciousthings，andaswallowingthisweekinseasofblissfuldistinction。Theinterviewer，too;hetriedtoletonthatheisnotvainofhisprivilegeofcontactwiththismanwhomfewothersareallowedtogazeupon，butheishuman，liketherest，andcannomorekeephisvanitycorkedinthancouldyouorI。

SomethinkthatthismurderisafrenziedrevoltagainstthecriminalmilitarismwhichisimpoverishingEuropeanddrivingthestarvingpoormad。Thathasmanycrimestoanswerfor，butnotthisone，Ithink。Onemaynotattributetothismanagenerousindignationagainstthewrongsdonethepoor;onemaynotdignifyhimwithagenerousimpulseofanykind。Whenhesawhisphotographandsaid，"Ishallbecelebrated，"helaidbaretheimpulsethatpromptedhim。Itwasamerehungerfornotoriety。

ThereisanotherconfessedcaseofthekindwhichisasoldashistorytheburningofthetempleofEphesus。

Amongtheinadequateattemptstoaccountfortheassassinationwemustconcedehighranktothemanywhichhavedescribeditasa"peculiarlybrutalcrime"andthenaddedthatitwas"ordainedfromabove。"Ithinkthisverdictwillnotbepopular"above。"Ifthedeedwasordainedfromabove，thereisnorationalwayofmakingthisprisonerevenpartiallyresponsibleforit，andtheGenevancourtcannotcondemnhimwithoutmanifestlycommittingacrime。Logicislogic，andbydisregardingitslawseventhemostpiousandshowytheologianmaybebeguiledintopreferringchargeswhichshouldnotbeventureduponexceptintheshelterofplentyoflightningrods。

Iwitnessedthefuneralprocession，incompanywithfriends，fromthewindowsoftheKrantz，Vienna’ssumptuousnewhotel。Wecameintotowninthemiddleoftheforenoon，andIwentonfootfromthestation。Blackflagshungdownfromallthehouses;theaspectswereSundaylike;thecrowdsonthesidewalkswerequietandmovedslowly;veryfewpeopleweresmoking;manyladiesworedeepmourning，gentlemenwereinblackasarule;carriageswerespeedinginalldirections，withfootmenandcoachmeninblackclothesandwearingblackcockedhats;theshopswereclosed;inmanywindowswerepicturesoftheEmpress:asabeautifulyoungbrideofseventeen;asasereneandmajesticladywithaddedyears;andfinallyindeepblackandwithoutornamentsthecostumeshealwaysworeafterthetragicdeathofhersonnineyearsago，forherheartbrokethen，andlifelostalmostallitsvalueforher。Thepeoplestoodgroupedbeforethesepictures，andnowandthenonesawwomenandgirlsturnawaywipingthetearsfromtheireyes。

InfrontoftheKrantzisanopensquare;overthewaywasthechurchwherethefuneralserviceswouldbeheld。Itissmallandoldandseverelyplain，plasteredoutsideandwhitewashedorpainted，andwithnoornamentbutastatueofamonkinanicheoverthedoor，andabovethatasmallblackflag。ButinitscryptlieseveralofthegreatdeadoftheHouseofHabsburg，amongthemMariaTheresaandNapoleon’sson，theDukeofReichstadt。

HereaboutswasaRomancamp，once，andinittheEmperorMarcusAureliusdiedathousandyearsbeforethefirstHabsburgruledinVienna，whichwassixhundredyearsagoandmore。

Thelittlechurchispackedinamonggreatmodernstoresandhouses，andthewindowsofthemwerefullofpeople。Behindthevastplateglasswindowsoftheupperfloorsofthehouseonthecorneroneglimpsedterracedmassesoffineclothedmenandwomen，dimandshimmery，likepeopleunderwater。Underusthesquarewasnoiseless，butitwasfullofcitizens;officialsinfineuniformswereflittingaboutonerrands，andinadoorstepsatafigureintheuttermostraggednessofpoverty，thefeetbare，theheadbenthumblydown;ayouthofeighteenortwenty，hewas，andthroughthefieldglassonecouldseethathewastearingapartandmunchingriffraffthathehadgatheredsomewhere。Blazinguniformsflashedbyhim，makingasparklingcontrastwithhisdroopingruinofmoldyrags，buthetooknotnotice;hewasnottheretogrieveforanation’sdisaster;hehadhisowncares，anddeeper。Fromtwodirectionstwolongfilesofinfantrycameplowingthroughthepackandpressinsilence;therewasalow，crisporderandthecrowdvanished，thesquaresavethesidewalkswasempty，theprivatemournerwasgone。Anotherorder，thesoldiersfellapartandenclosedthesquareinadoublerankedhumanfence。Itwasallsoswift，noiseless，exactlikeabeautifullyorderedmachine。

Itwasnoon，now。Twohoursofstillnessandwaitingfollowed。Thencarriagesbegantoflowpastanddeliverthetwoandthreehundredcourtpersonagesandhighnobilitiesprivilegedtoenterthechurch。Thenthesquarefilledup;notwithcivilians，butwitharmyandnavyofficersinshowyandbeautifuluniforms。Theyfilleditcompactly，leavingonlyanarrowcarriagepathinfrontofthechurch，buttherewasnocivilianamongthem。Anditwasbetterso;dullclotheswouldhavemarredtheradiantspectacle。Inthejaminfrontofthechurch，onitssteps，andonthesidewalkwasabunchofuniformswhichmadeablazingsplotchofcolorintensered，gold，andwhitewhichdimmedthebrillianciesaroundthem;andoppositethemontheothersideofthepathwasabunchofcascadedbrightgreenplumesabovepaleblueshoulderswhichmadeanothersplotchofsplendoremphaticandconspicuousinitsglowingsurroundings。

Itwasaseaofflashingcolorallabout，butthesetwogroupswerethehighnotes。ThegreenplumeswerewornbyfortyorfiftyAustriangenerals，thegroupoppositethemwerechieflyKnightsofMaltaandknightsofaGermanorder。Themassofheadsinthesquarewerecoveredbygilthelmetsandbymilitarycapsroofedwithamirrorlikegaze，andthemovementsofthewearerscausedthesethingstocatchthesunrays，andtheeffectwasfinetoseethesquarewaslikeagardenofrichlycoloredflowerswithamultitudeofblindingandflashinglittlesunsdistributedoverit。

ThinkofititwasbycommandofthatItalianloaferyonderonhisimperialthroneintheGenevaprisonthatthissplendidmultitudewasassembledthere;andthekingsandemperorsthatwereenteringthechurchfromasidestreetweretherebyhiswill。

Itissostrange，sounrealizable。

Atthreeo’clockthecarriageswerestillstreamingbyinsinglefile。Atthreefiveacardinalarriveswithhisattendants;latersomebishops;thenanumberofarchdeaconsallinstrikingcolorsthataddtotheshow。Atthreetenaprocessionofpriestspassedalong，withcrucifix。Anotherone，presently;afteraninterval，twomore;atthreefiftyanotheroneverylong，withmanycrosses，goldembroideredrobes，andmuchwhitelace;alsogreatpicturedbanners，atintervals，recedingintothedistance。

Ahumoftollingbellsmakesitselfheard，butnotsharply。

Atthreefiftyeightawaitinginterval。Presentlyalongprocessionofgentlemenineveningdresscomesinsightandapproachesuntilitisneartothesquare，thenfallsbackagainstthewallofsoldiersatthesidewalk，andthewhiteshirtfrontsshowlikesnowflakesandareveryconspicuouswheresomuchwarmcolorisallabout。

Awaitingpause。Atfourtwelvetheheadofthefuneralprocessioncomesintoviewatlast。First，abodyofcavalry，fourabreast，towidenthepath。Next，agreatbodyoflancers，inblue，withgilthelmets。Next，threesixhorsemourning

coaches;outridersandcoachmeninblack，withcockedhatsandwhitewigs。Next，troopsinsplendiduniforms，red，gold，andwhite，exceedinglyshowy。

Nowthemultitudeuncover。Thesoldierspresentarms;thereisalowrumbleofdrums;thesumptuousgreathearseapproaches，drawnatawalkbyeightblackhorsesplumedwithblackbunchesofnoddingostrichfeathers;thecoffinisborneintothechurch，thedoorsareclosed。

Themultitudecovertheirheads，andtherestoftheprocessionmovesby;firsttheHungarianGuardintheirindescribablybrilliantandpicturesqueandbeautifuluniform，inheritedfromtheagesofbarbaricsplendor，andafterthemothermountedforces，alongandshowyarray。

Thentheshiningcrowninthesquarecrumbledapart，awreckedrainbow，andmeltedawayinradiantstreams，andintheturnofawristthethreedirtiestandraggedestandcheerfulestlittleslumgirlsinAustriawerecaperingaboutinthespaciousvacancy。Itwasadayofcontrasts。

TwicetheEmpressenteredViennainstate。Thefirsttimewasin1854，whenshewasabrideofseventeen，andthensherodeinmeasurelesspompandwithblareofmusicthroughaflutteringworldofgayflagsanddecorations，downstreetswalledonbothhandswithapressofshoutingandwelcomingsubjects;andthesecondtimewaslastWednesday，whensheenteredthecityinhercoffinandmoveddownthesamestreetsinthedeadofthenightunderswayingblackflags，betweenpackedhumanwallsagain;buteverywherewasadeepstillness，nowastillnessemphasized，ratherthanbroken，bythemuffledhoofbeatsofthelongcavalcadeoverpavementscushionedwithsand，andthelowsobbingofgrayheadedwomenwhohadwitnessedthefirstentryfortyfouryearsbefore，whensheandtheywereyoungandunaware！

AcharacterinBaronvonBerger’srecentfairydrama"Habsburg"tellsaboutthefirstcomingofthegirlishEmpress

Queen，andinhishistorydrawsafinepicture:Icannotmakeaclosetranslationofit，butwilltrytoconveythespiritoftheverses:

Isawthestatelypageantpass:

InherhighplaceIsawtheEmpressQueen:

IcouldnottakemyeyesawayFromthatfairvision，spiritlikeandpure，Thatroseserene，sublime，andfiguredtomysenseAnobleAlpfarlightedintheblue，ThatinthefloodofmorningrendsitsveilofcloudAndstandsadreamofglorytothegazeOfthemthatintheValleytoilandplod。

ENGLISHASSHEISTAUGHT

IntheappendixtoCroker’sBoswell’sJohnsononefindsthisanecdote:

CATO’SSOLILOQUY。OnedayMrs。Gastrelsetalittlegirltorepeattohim[Dr。SamuelJohnson]Cato’sSoliloquy，whichshewentthroughverycorrectly。TheDoctor，afterapause，askedthechild:

"WhatwastobringCatotoanend？"

Shesaiditwasaknife。