第7章

Tosomesuchunity-consciousnesswehavetoreturn；

butclearlyitwillbe——itisnot——ofthesimpleinchoatecharacteroftheFirstStage，forithasbeenenriched，deepened，andgreatlyextendedbytheexperienceoftheSecondStage。Itisinfact，aneworderofmentality——theconsciousnessoftheThirdStage。

[1]“Themindmustberestrainedinthehearttillitcomestoanend，“saystheMaitrayana-Brahmana-Upanishad。

[2]OnemayrememberinthisconnectionthetapasoftheHinduyogi，ortheordealsofinitiatesintothepaganMysteriesgenerally。

InordertounderstandtheoperationandqualitiesofthisThirdConsciousness，itmaybeofassistancejustnowtoconsiderinwhatmoreorlessrudimentarywayorwaysitfiguredinthepaganritualsandinChristianity。WehaveseentherudeSiberyaksinNorth-EasternAsiaorthe"Grizzly"tribesofNorthAmericanIndiansintheneighborhoodofMountShastapayingtheirrespectsandadorationtoacaptivebear——atoncethefood-animal，andthedivinityoftheTribe。Atribesmanhadslainabear——and，beitsaid，hadslainitnotinapublichuntwithalldueceremoniesobserved，butprivatelyforhisownsatisfaction。Hehadcommitted，therefore，asintheoreticallyunpardonable；forhadhenot——togratifyhispersonaldesireforfood——levelledablowattheguardianspiritoftheTribe?Hadhenotalienatedhimselffromhisfellowsbydestroyingitsverysymbol?Therewasonlyonewaybywhichhecouldregainthefellowshipofhiscompanions。Hemustmakeamendsbysomepublicsacrifice，andinsteadofretainingthefleshoftheanimalforhimselfhemustshareitwiththewholetribe(orclan)

inacommonfeast，whileatthesametime，tensestprayersandthanksareofferedtotheanimalforthegiftofhisbodyforfood。TheMagicformulademandednothinglessthanthis——elsedreaddisasterwouldfalluponthemanwhosinned，anduponthewholebrotherhood。Here，andinahundredsimilarrites，weseethethreephasesoftribalpsychology——

thefirst，inwhichtheindividualmembersimplyremainswithinthecompassofthetribalmind，andonlyactsinharmonywithit；thesecond，inwhichtheindividualstepsoutsideandtogratifyhispersonalSELFperformsanactionwhichalienateshimfromhisfellows；andthethird，inwhich，tomakeamendsandtoprovehissincerity，hesubmitstosomesacrifice，andbyacommonfeastorsomesuchceremonyisreceivedbackagainintotheunityofthefellowship。Thebodyoftheanimal-divinityisconsumed，andthelatterbecomes，bothinthespiritandintheflesh，theSaviorofthetribe。

Incourseoftime，whentheTotemorGuardian-spiritisnolongermerelyanAnimal，oranimal-headedGenius，butaquitehuman-formedDivinity，stillthesamegeneraloutlineofideasispreserved——onlywithgatheredintensityowingtothespeciallyhumaninterestofthedrama。TheDivinitywhogiveshislifeforhisflockisnolongerjustanordinaryBullorLamb，butAdonisorOsirisorDionysusorJesus。Heisbetrayedbyoneofhisownfollowers，andsuffersdeath，butrisesagainredeemingallwithhimselfintheonefellowship；andthecornandthewineandthewildfleshwhichwerehisbody，andwhichhegaveforthesustenanceofmankind，areconsumedinaholysupperofreconciliation。ItisalwaysthereturntounitywhichistheritualofSalvation，andofwhichthesymbolistheEucharist——thesecondbirth，theformationof“anewcreaturewhenoldthingsarepassedaway。”For“Exceptamanbebornagain，hecannotseetheKingdomofGod“；

and“thefirstmanisoftheearth，earthly，butthesecondmanistheLordfromheaven。”Likeastrangerefrain，andfromcenturiesbeforeourera，comesdownthisbeliefinagodwhoisimprisonedineachman，andwhoseliberationisanewbirthandthebeginningofanewcreature:

“Rejoice，yeinitiatesinthemysteryoftheliberatedgod“——

rejoiceinthethoughtoftheherowhodiedasamortalinthecoffin，butrisesagainasLordofall！

Whothenwasthis“Christos“forwhomtheworldwaswaitingthreecenturiesbeforeourera(andindeedcenturiesbeforethat)?Whowasthis“thriceSavior“

whomtheGreekGnosticsacclaimed?Whatwasthemeaningofthat“comingoftheSonofMan“whomDanielbeheldinvisionamongthecloudsofheaven?orofthe“perfectman“who，Pauldeclared，shoulddeliverusfromthebondageofcorruptionintothegloriouslibertyofthechildrenofGod?Whatwasthissalvationwhichtimeaftertimeandtimesagainthepagandeitiespromisedtotheirdevotees，andwhichtheEleusinianandotherMysteriesrepresentedintheirreligiousdramaswithsuchconvincingenthusiasmthatevenPindarcouldsay“Happyishewhohasseenthem(theMysteries)beforehegoesbeneaththehollowearth:thatmanknowsthetrueendoflifeanditssourcedivine“；andconcerningwhichSophoclesandAeschyluswereequallyenthusiastic?[1]

[1]SeeFarnell"sCultsoftheGreekStates，vol。iii，p。194；

alsoTheMysteries，PaganandChristian，byS。Cheetham，D。D。

(London，1897)。

Canwedoubt，inthelightofallthatwehavealreadysaid，whattheanswertothesequestionsis?Aswiththefirstblossomingofself-consciousnessinthehumanmindcamethedawnofanimmensecycleofexperience——

acycleindeedofexilefromEden，ofsufferingandtoilandblindwanderingsinthewilderness，yetacycleabsolutelynecessaryandunavoidable——sonowtheredemption，thereturn，therestorationhastocomethroughanotherforwardstep，inthesamedomain。Abandoningthequestandtheglorificationoftheseparateisolatedselfwehavetoreturntothecosmicuniversallife。Itistheblossomingindeedofthis"new"lifeinthedeepsofourmindswhichissalvation，andwhichalltheexpressionswhichIhavejustcitedhaveindicated。ItisthispresencewhichalldowntheageshasbeenhailedasSaviorandLiberator:thedaybreakofaconsciousnesssomuchvaster，somuchmoreglorious，thanallthathasgonebeforethatthelittlecandleofthelocalselfisswallowedupinitsrays。Itisthereturnhome，thereturnintodirecttouchwithNatureandMan——theliberationfromthelongexileofseparation，fromthepainfulsenseofisolationandtheodiousnightmareofguiltand"sin。"Canwedoubtthatthisnewbirth——thisthirdstageofconsciousness，ifweliketocallitso——hastocome，thatitisindeednotmerelyapioushopeoratentativetheory，butaFACT

testifiedtoalreadybyacloudofwitnessesinthepast——

witnessesshiningintheirowneasilyrecognizableandauthenticlight，yetforthemostpartisolatedfromeachotheramongthearidandunfruitfulwastesofCivilization，likeglow-wormsinthedrygrassofasummernight?

Sincethefirstdimevolutionofhumanself-consciousnessanimmenseperiod，aswehavesaid——perhaps30，000years，perhapsevenmore——haselapsed。Now，inthepresentdaythisperiodisreachingitsculmination，andthoughitwillnotterminateimmediately，itsendis，sotospeak，insight。Meanwhile，duringallthehistoricalagebehindus——sayforthelast4，000or5，000years——evidencehasbeencomingin(partlyinthereligiousritesrecorded，partlyinoracles，poemsandpropheticliterature)oftheonsetofthisfurtherillumination——“thelightwhichneverwasonseaorland“——andthecloudofwitnesses，scatteredatfirst，hasintheselatercenturiesbecomesoevidentandsonotablethatwearetemptedtobelieveinortoanticipateagreatandgeneralnewbirth，asnownotsoveryfaroff。[1]

[Weshould，however，dowelltoremember，inthisconnection，thatmanyatimealreadyinthehistorytheMillenniumhasbeenprophesied，andyetnotarrivedpunctualtodate，andtotaketoourselvesthewordsof"Peter，"whosomewhatgrievouslydisappointedatthelong-delayedsecondcomingoftheLordJesusinthecloudsofheaven，wroteinhissecondEpistle:“Thereshallcomeinthelastdaysscoffers，walkingaftertheirownlusts，andsaying，Whereisthepromiseofhiscoming?forsincethefathersfellasleep，allthingscontinueastheywerefromthebeginningofthecreation。”[2]]

[1]Foranamplificationofallthistheme，seeDr。Bucke"sremarkableandepoch-makingbook，CosmicConsciousness(firstpublishedatPhiladelphia，1901)。

[2]2Peteriii。4；writtenprobablyaboutA。D。150。

Isaythatallthroughthehistoricalagebehindustherehasbeenevidence——eventhoughscattered——ofsalvationandthereturnoftheCosmiclife。Manhasneverbeensocompletelysubmergedinthebitterseaofself-centrednessbutwhathehasoccasionallybeenabletodashthesprayfromhiseyesandglimpsethesunandthegloriouslightofheaven。Fromhowfarbackwecannotsay，butfromanimmenseantiquitycomethebeautifulmythswhichindicatethis。

Cinderella，thecinder-maiden，sitsunbeknowninherearthly。

hutch；

Gibedandjeeredatshebewailsherlonelyfate；

Neverthelessyoungest-bornshesurpasseshersistersandenduesagarmentofthesunandstars；

Fromatinysparksheascendsandirradiatestheuniverse，andisweddedtotheprinceofheaven。

HowlovelythisvisionofthelittlemaidensittingunbeknownclosetotheHearth-fireoftheuniverse——herselfindeedjustalittlesparkfromit；despisedandrejected；

rejectedbytheworld，despisedbyhertwoeldersisters(thebodyandtheintellect)；yetshe，thesoul，thoughlatest-born，byfarthemostbeautifulofthethree。AndofthePrinceofLovewhoredeemsandsetsherfree；andofherweddinggarmentthegloryandbeautyofallnatureandoftheheavens！TheparablesofJesusarecharmingintheirway，buttheyhardlyreachthisheightofinspiration。

Ortheworld-oldmythofErosandPsyche。Howstrangethathereagaintherearethreesisters(thethreestagesofhumanevolution)，andthelatest-bornthemostbeautifulofthethree，andthejealousiesandpersecutionsheapedontheyoungestbytheothers，andespeciallybyAphroditethegoddessofmeresensualcharm。Andagainthecomingoftheunknown，theunseenLover，onwhomitisnotpermittedformortalstolook；andthelong，longtestsandsufferingsandtrialswhichPsychehastoundergobeforeErosmayreallytakehertohisarmsandtranslatehertotheheightsofheaven。CanwenotimaginehowwhenthesethingswererepresentedintheMysteriestheworldflockedtoseethem，andthepoetsindeedsaid，“Happyaretheythatseeandseeingcanunderstand?“CanwenotunderstandhowitwasthattheAmphictyonicdecreeofthesecondcenturyB。C。spokeofthesesameMysteriesasenforcingthelessonthat“thegreatestofhumanblessingsisfellowshipandmutualtrust“?

XV。THEANCIENTMYSTERIES

Thuswecometoathingwhichwemustnotpassover，becauseitthrowsgreatlightonthemeaningandinterpretationofalltheseritesandceremoniesofthegreatWorld-religion。I

meanthesubjectoftheAncientMysteries。AndtothisIwillgiveafewpages。

TheseMysterieswereprobablysurvivalsoftheoldestreligiousritesoftheGreekraces，andintheirearlierformsconsistednotsomuchinworshipofthegodsofHeavenasofthedivinitiesofEarth，andofNatureandDeath。Crude，nodoubt，atfirst，theygraduallybecame(especiallyintheirEleusinianform)morerefinedandphilosophical；theritesweregraduallythrownopen，oncertainconditions，notonlytomengenerally，butalsotowomen，andeventoslaves；

andintheendtheyinfluencedChristianitydeeply。[1]

[1]SeeEdwinHatch，D。D。，TheInfluenceofGreekIdeasandUsagesontheChristianChurch(London，1890)，pp。283-5。

Therewereapparentlythreeformsofteachingmadeuseofintheserites:thesewere，thingsSAID；

，thingsSHOWN；and，thingsPERFORMED

orACTED。[1]Ihavegivenalreadysomeinstancesofthingssaid-textswhisperedforconsolationintheneophyte"scar，andsoforth；oftheTHIRDgroup，thingsenacted，wehaveafairamountofevidence。Therewereritualdramasorpassion-plays，ofwhichanimportantonedealtwiththedescentofKoreorProserpineintotheunderworld，asintheEleusinianrepresentations，[2]andherredemptionandrestorationtotheupperworldinSpring；

anotherwiththesufferingsofPsycheandherrescuebyEros，asdescribedbyApuleius[3]——himselfaninitiateinthecultofIsis。ThereisaparodybyLucian，whichtellsofthebirthofApollo，themarriageofCoronis，andthecomingofAesculapiusasSavior；therewasthedyingandrisingagainofDionysus(chiefdivinityoftheOrphiccult)；andsometimesthemysteryofthebirthofDionysusasaholychild。[4]Therewas，everyyearatEleusis，asolemnandlengthyprocessionorpilgrimagemade，symbolicofthelongpilgrimageofthehumansoul，itssufferingsanddeliverance。

[1]Cheetham，op。cit。，pp。49-61sq。

[2]SeeFarnell，op。cit。，iii。158sq。

[3]SeeTheGoldenAss。

[4]Farnell，ii，177。

“Almostalways，“saysDr。Cheetham，“thesufferingofagod——sufferingfollowedbytriumph——seemstohavebeenthesubjectofthesacreddrama。”ThenoccasionallytotheNeophytes，aftertakingpartinthepilgrimage，andwhentheirmindshadbeenpreparedbyanordealofdarknessandfatigueandterrors，wasaccordedarevelationofParadise，andevenavisionofTransfiguration——theformoftheHierophanthimself，orteacheroftheMysteries，beingseenhalf-lostinablazeoflight。[1]Finally，therewastheeatingoffoodanddrinkingofbarley-drinkfromthesacredchest[2]——akindofCommunionorEucharist。

[1]Ibid。，179sq。

[2]Ibid。，186。Sacredchests，inwhichholythingswerekept，figurefrequentlyinearlyritesandlegends——asinthecaseofthearkoftheJewishtabernacle，thearkorboxcarriedincelebrationsofthemysteriesofBacchus(Theocritus，Idyllxxvi)，thelegendofPandora"sboxwhichcontainedtheseedsofallgoodandevil，thearkofNoahwhichsavedalllivingcreaturesfromtheflood，theArgooftheargonauts，themoonshapedboatinwhichIsisfloatingoverthewatersgatheredtogethertheseveredlimbsofOsiris，andsobroughtabouthisresurrection，andthemanychestsorcoffinsoutofwhichthevariousgods(Adonis，Attis，Osiris，Jesus)，havingbeenlaidthereindeath，roseagainfortheredemptionoftheworld。

TheyallevidentlyrefertothemysticwombofNatureandofWoman，andaresymbolsofsalvationandredemption(Forafulldiscussionofthissubject，seeTheGreatLawofreligiousorigins，byW。Williamson，ch。iv。)

ApuleiusinTheGoldenAssgivesaninterestingaccountofhisinductionintothemysteriesofIsis:how，biddingfarewelloneeveningtothegeneralcongregationoutside，andclothedinanewlinengarment，hewashandedbythepriestintotheinnerrecessesofthetempleitself；howhe“approachedtheconfinesofdeath，andhavingtrodonthethresholdofProserpine(theUnderworld)，returnedtherefrom，beingbornethroughalltheelements。AtmidnightIsawthesunshiningwithitsbrilliantlight:

andIapproachedthepresenceoftheGodsbeneathandtheGodsabove，andstoodnearandworshippedthem。”

Duringthenightthingshappenedwhichmustnotbedisclosed；butinthemorninghecameforth“consecratedbybeingdressedintwelvestolespaintedwiththefiguresofanimals。”[1]HeascendedapulpitinthemidstoftheTemple，carryinginhisrighthandaburningtorch，whileachapletencircledhishead，fromwhichpalm-leavesprojectedlikeraysoflight。“ThusarrayedliketheSun，andplacedsoastoresembleastatue，onasuddenthecurtainsbeingdrawnaside，Iwasexposedtothegazeofthemultitude。

AfterthisIcelebratedthemostjoyfuldayofmyinitiation，asmynatalday[dayoftheNewBirth]

andtherewasajoyousbanquetandmirthfulconversation。”

[1]AnallusionnodoubttothetwelvesignsoftheZodiac，thepathwayoftheSun，aswellastothepracticeoftheancientpriestsofwearingtheskinsoftotem-animalsinsignoftheirdivinity。

Onecanhardlyrefusetorecognizeinthisaccountthedescriptionofsomekindofceremonywhichwassupposedtosealtheilluminationofamanandhisnewbirthintodivinity——theanimalorigin，thecirclingofallexperience，theterrorsofdeath，andtheresurrectionintheformoftheSun，thesymbolofalllightandlife。Theveryword“illumination“carriestheideasoflightandanewbirthwithit。ReitzensteininhisveryinterestingbookontheGreekMysteries[1]speaksoverandoveragainoftheillumination()whichwasheldtoattendInitiationandSalvation。ThedoctrineofSalvationindeed()

was，aswehavealreadyseen，rifeandwidelycurrentintheSecondCenturyB。C。Itrepresentedarealexperience，andthemanwhosharedthisexperiencebecamea

ordivineman。[2]IntheOrphicTabletsthephrase“Iamachildofearthandthestarryheaven，butmyraceisofheaven(alone)“occursmorethanonce。

Inoneofthelongestofthemthedeadmanisinstructed“afterhehaspassedthewaters(ofLethe)wherethewhiteCypressandtheHouseofHadesare“toaddresstheseverywordstotheguardiansoftheLakeofMemorywhileheasksforadrinkofcoldwaterfromthatLake。Inanotherthedeadpersonhimselfisthusaddressed:“Hail，thouwhohastenduredtheSuffering，suchasindeedthouhadstneversufferedbefore；thouhastbecomegodfromman！“[3]Ecstacywastheacmeofthereligiouslife；and，whatisespeciallyinterestingtous，Salvationorthedivinenaturewasopentoallmen——toall，thatis，whoshouldgothroughthenecessarystagesofpreparationforit。[4]

[1]DiehellenistischenMysterien-Religionen，byR。Reitzenstein，Leipzig，1910。

[2]Reitzenstein，p。12。

[3]TheseTablets(so-called)areinstructionstothedeadastotheirpassageintotheotherworld，andhavebeenfoundinthetombs，inItalyandelsewhere，inscribedonverythingoldplatesandburiedwiththedeparted。SeeManualofGreekAntiquitiesbyPercyGardnerandF。B。Jerome(1896)；alsoProlegomenatoGreekReligionbyJaneE。Harrison(1908)。

[4]Reitzenstein，pp。15and18；alsoS。J。Case，EvolutionofEarlyChristianity，p。301。

Reitzensteincontends(p。26)thatintheMysteries，transfiguration()，salvation()，andnewbirth()wereoftenconjoined。Hesays(p。31)，thatintheEgyptianOsiris-cult，theInitiateacquiresanature“equaltoGod“()，theverysameexpressionasthatusedofChristJesusinPhilippiansii。6；

hementionsApolloniusofTyanaandSergiusPaulusasinstancesofmenwhobytheircontemporarieswereconsideredtohaveattainedthisnature；andhequotesAkhnaton(PharaohofEgyptin1375B。C。)ashavingsaid，“Thouartinmyheart；noneotherknowsThee，savethysonAkhnaton；Thouhastinitiatedhimintothywisdomandintothypower。”HealsoquotesthewordsofHermes(Trismegistus)——“ComeuntoMe，evenaschildrentotheirmother"sbosom:ThouartI，andIamThou；whatisthineismine，andwhatismineisthine；forindeedIamthineimage()，“andreferstothedialoguebetweenHermesandTat，inwhichtheyspeakofthegreatandmysticNewBirthandUnionwiththeAll——withallElements，PlantsandAnimals，TimeandSpace。

“TheMysteries，“saysDr。Cheethamverycandidly，“influencedChristianityconsiderablyandmodifieditinsomeimportantrespects“；andDr。Hatch，aswehaveseen，notonlysupportsthisgeneralview，butfollowsitoutindetail。[1]HepointsoutthatthemembershipoftheMystery-societieswasverynumerousintheearliesttimes，A。D。；thattheirgeneralaimsweregood，includingasenseoftruereligion，decentlife，andbrotherhood；thatcleannessfromcrimeandconfessionweredemandedfromtheneophyte；thatconfessionwasfollowedbybaptism()andTHATbysacrifice；thattheterm

(illumination)wasadoptedbytheChristianChurchasthenameforthenewbirthofbaptism；thattheChristianusageofplacingasealontheforeheadcamefromthesamesource；thatbaptismitselfafteratimewascalledamystery()；thatthesacredcakesandbarley-drinkoftheMysteriesbecamethemilkandhoneyandbreadandwineofthefirstChristianEucharists，andthattheoccasionalsacrificeofalambontheChristianaltar(“whosementionisoftensuppressed“)probablyoriginatedinthesameway。

Indeed，theconceptionofthecommunion-tableASanaltarandmanyotherpointsofritualgraduallyestablishedthemselvesfromthesesourcesastimewenton。[2]Itishardlynecessarytosaymoreinproofoftheextenttowhichintheseancientrepresentations“thingssaid“and“scenesenacted“forestalledthedoctrinesandceremonialsofChristianity。

[1]SeeHatch，op。cit。，pp。290sq。

[2]SeeDionysusAreop。(endoffifthcentury)，whodescribestheChristianritesgenerallyinMysterylanguage(Hatch，296)。

“Butwhatofthesecondgroupabove-mentioned，the“thingsSHOWN“?Itisnotsoeasynaturallytogetexactinformationconcerningthese，buttheyseemtohavebeenspeciallyholyobjects，probablythingsconnectedwithveryancientritualsinthepast——suchassacredstones，oldandrudeimagesofthegods，magicnature-symbols，likethathalf-disclosedearofcornabove-mentioned(Ch。V。)。“IntheTempleofIsisatPhilae，“saysDr。Cheetham，“thedeadbodyofOsirisisrepresentedwithstalksofcornspringingfromit，whichapriestwatersfromavessel。Aninscriptionsays:"Thisistheformofhimwhomwemaynotname，OsirisoftheMysterieswhosprangfromthereturningwaters"[theNile]。”Aboveall，nodoubt，therewereimagesofthephallusandthevulva，thegreatsymbolsofhumanfertility。Wehaveseen(Ch。XII)thatthelingamandtheyoniare，evendowntoto-day，commonlyretainedandhonoredasholyobjectsintheS。IndianTemples，andanointedwithoil(someofthem)foraverypracticalreason。SirJ。G。Frazer，inhislatelypublishedvolumesonTheFolk-loreoftheOldTestament，hasachapter(invol。ii)ontheverynumeroussacredstonesofvariousshapesandsizesfoundorspokenofinPalestineandotherpartsoftheworld。Thoughuncertainastothemeaningofthesestoneshementionsthattheyare“frequently，thoughnotalways，UPRIGHT。”Anointingthemwithoil，heassuresus，“isawidespreadpractice，sometimesbywomenwhowishtoobtainchildren。”Andheconcludesthechapterbysaying:“TheholystoneatBethelwasprobablyoneofthosemassivestandingstonesorroughpillarswhichtheHebrewscalledmasseboth，andwhich，aswehaveseen，wereregularadjunctsofCanaaniteandearlyIsraelitishsanctuaries。”WehavealreadymentionedthepillarsJachinandBoazwhichstoodbeforetheTempleofSolomon，andwhichhadanacknowledgedsexualsignificance；

andsoitseemsprobablethatagreatnumberoftheseholystoneshadasimilarmeaning。[1]FollowingthisclueitwouldappearlikelythatthelingamthusanointedandworshippedintheTemplesofIndiaandelsewhereIStheoriginal[2]adoredbythehumanracefromtheverybeginning，andthatatalatertime，whenthePriestandtheKing，asobjectsofworship，tooktheplaceoftheLingam，THEYalsowereanointedwiththechrismoffertility。Thattheexhibitionoftheseemblemsshouldbepartoftheoriginal"Mystery"-ritualswasperfectlynatural——especiallybecause，aswehaveexplainedalready[3]

oldcustomsoftencontinuedoninaquitenaivefashionintherituals，whentheyhadcometobethoughtindecentorimproperbyalaterpublicopinion；and(wemaysay)

wasperfectlyinorder，becausethereisplentyofevidencetoshowthatinSAVAGEinitiations，ofwhichtheMysterieswerethelineardescendants，allthesethingsWEREexplainedtothenovices，andtheiruseactuallytaught。[4]Nodoubtalsothereweresomerepresentationsordramaticincidentsofafairlycoarsecharacter，asderivingfromtheseancientsources。[5]Itis，however，quainttoobservehowthemerementionofsuchthingshascausedanalmosthystericalcommotionamongthecriticsoftheMysteries——fromthedayoftheearlyChristianswho(inordertobelaudtheirownreligion)werenevertiredofabusingthePagans，onwardtothepresentdaywhenmodernscholarseitherontheonehandfollowtheearlyChristiansinrepresentingtheMysteriesassinksofiniquityorontheother(knowingthischargecouldnotbesubstantiatedexceptintheperiodoftheirfinaldecadence)takethelineofignoringthesexualinterestattachingtothemasnon-existentoratanyrateunworthyofattention。ThegoodArchdeaconCheetham，forinstance，whilewritinganinterestingbookontheMysteriespassesbythissideofthesubjectALMOSTasifitdidnotexist；whilethelearnedDr。Farnell，overcomeapparentlybytheweightofhislearning，andunabletoconfrontthealarmingobstaclepresentedbythesesexualritesandaspects，hideshimselfbehindtherathernon-committalremark(speakingoftheEleusinianrites)“wehavenorighttoimagineanypartofthissolemnceremonyascoarseorobscene。”[6]AsNature，however，hasbeenknown(quitefrequently)tobecoarseorobscene，andastheinitiatorsoftheMysterieswereprobablyneither"good"nor"learned，"

butweresimplyanxioustointerpretNatureasbesttheycould，wecannotfindfaultwiththelatterforthewaytheyhandledtheproblem，norindeedwellseehowtheycouldhavehandleditbetter。

[1]F。Nork，DerMystagog，mentionsthattheRomanPenateswerecommonlyanointedwithoil。J。StuartHay，inhisLifeofElagabalus(1911)，saysthat“Elagabalwasworshippedunderthesymbolofagreatblackstoneormeteorite，intheshapeofaPhallus，whichhavingfallenfromtheheavensrepresentedatrueportionoftheGodhead，muchafterthestyleofthoseblackstoneimagespopularlyveneratedinNorwayandotherpartsofEurope。”

[2]J。E。Hewitt，inhisRulingRacesofPre-historicTimes(p。

64)，givesalonglistofpre-historicraceswhoworshippedthelingam。

[3]SeeCh。XI。

[4]SeeErnestCrawley"sMysticRose，ch。xiii，pp。310and313:

“IncertaintribesofCentralAfricabothboysandgirlsafterinitiationmustassoonaspossiblehaveintercourse。”Initiationbeingnotmerelypreliminaryto，butoftenACTUALLYmarriage。ThesameamongKaffirs，Congotribes，Senegalese，etc。AlsoamongtheAruntaofAustralia。

[5]ProfessorDiederichshassaidthat“inmuchancientritualitwasthoughtthatmysticcommunionwiththedeitycouldbeobtainedthroughthesemblanceofsex-intercourse——asintheAttis-Cybeleworship，andtheIsis-ritual。”(Farnell。)

Reitzensteinsays(op。cit。，p。20。)thattheInitiates，likesomeoftheChristianNunsatalatertime，believedinunionwithGodthroughreceivingtheseed。

[6]Farnell，op。cit。，iii。176。Messrs。GardnerandJevons，intheirManualofGreekAntiquities，above-quoted，comparetheEleusinianMysteriesfavorablywithsomeoftheothers，liketheArcadian，theTroezenian，theAeginaean，andtheveryprimitiveSamothracian:saying(p。278)thatofthelast-mentioned“weknowlittle，butsafelyconjecturethatinthemtheideasofsexandprocreationdominatedEVENMOREthaninthoseofEleusis。”

AfterallitisprettyclearthattheearlypeoplessawinSexthegreatcohesiveforcewhichkept(wewillnotsayHumanitybutatanyrate)theTribetogether，andsustainedtherace。InthestageofsimpleConsciousnessthismusthavebeenoneofthefirstthingsthatthebuddingintellectperceived。Sexbecameoneoftheearliestdivinities，andthereisabundantevidencethatitsorgansandprocessesgenerallywereinvestedwithareligioussenseofaweandsanctity。Itwasinfactthesymbol(orrathertheactuality)

ofthepermanentundyinglifeoftherace，andassuchwassacredtotheusesoftherace。Whatevertaboosmayhave，amongdifferentpeoples，guardeditsoperations，itwasnotessentiallyathingtobeconcealed，orashamedof。Ratherthecontrary。ForinstancetheearlyChristianwriter，Hippolytus，BishopofPontus(A。D。200)，inhisRefutationofallHeresies，BookV，saysthattheSamothracianMysteries，justmentioned，celebrateAdamastheprimalorarchetypalManeternalintheheavens；andhethencontinues:

“HabituallytherestandinthetempleoftheSamothracianstwoimagesofnakedmenhavingbothhandsstretchedalofttowardsheaven，andtheirpudendaturnedupwards，asisalsothecasewiththestatueofMercuryonMt。Cyllene。Andtheaforesaidimagesarefiguresoftheprimalman，andofthatspiritualonethatisbornagain，ineveryrespectofthesamesubstancewiththat[first]

man。”

ThisextractfromHippolytusoccursinthelongdiscourseinwhichhe"exposes"theheresyoftheso-calledNaassenedoctrinesandmysteries。ButthewholediscourseshouldbereadbythosewhowishtounderstandtheGnosticphilosophyoftheperiodcontemporarywithandanteriortothebirthofChristianity。Atranslationofthediscourse，carefullyanalyzedandannotated，isgiveninG。R。S。Mead"sThrice-greatestHermes[1](vol。i)；andMeadhimself，speakingofit，says(p。141):“TheclaimoftheseGnosticswaspracticallythatthegoodnewsoftheChrist[theChristos]

wastheconsummationoftheinnerdoctrineoftheMystery-

institutionsofallthenations；theendofthemallbeingtherevelationoftheMysteryofMan。”Further，heexplainsthattheSoul，inthesedoctrines，wasregardedassynonymouswiththeCauseofAll；andthatitslovesweretwain——ofAphrodite(orLife)，andofPersephone(orDeathandtheotherworld)。AlsothatAttis，abandoninghissexintheworshipoftheMother-Goddess(DeaSyria)，ascendstoHeaven——anewman，Male-female，andtheoriginofallthings:thehiddenMysterybeingthePhallusitself，erectedasHermesinallroadsandboundariesandtemples，theConductorandReconductorofSouls。

[1]Reitzenstein，op。cit。，quotesthediscourselargely。TheThrice-greatestHermesmayalsobeconsultedforatranslationofPlutarch"sIsisandOsiris。

Allthismaysoundstrange，butonemayfairlysaythatitrepresentedinitsdegree，andinthatfirst"unfallen"stageofhumanthoughtandpsychology，atrueconceptionofthecosmicLife，andindeedaconceptionquitesensibleandadmirable，until，ofcourse，theSecondStagebroughtcorruption。NosoonerwasthisgreatforceofthecosmiclifedivertedfromitstrueusesofGenerationandRegeneration[1]andappropriatedbytheindividualtohisownprivatepleasure——nosoonerwasitsreligiouscharacterasatribalservice[2]，(oftenrenderedwithintheTempleprecincts)

lostsightofordegradedintoacommercialtransaction——thaneverykindofevilfelluponmankind。Corruptiooptimipessima。Itmustberememberedtoothatsimultaneouswiththissexualdisruptionoccurredthedisruptionofotherhumanrelations；andweceasetobesurprisedthatdiseaseandselfishpassions，greed，jealousy，slander，cruelty，andwholesalemurder，raged——andhaveragedeversince。

[1]Forthespecialmeaningofthesetwoterms，seeTheDramaofLoveandDeath，byE。Carpenter，pp。59-61。

[2]ErnestCrawleyinTheMysticRosechallengesthisidentificationofReligionwithtribalinterests；yethisargumentsarenotveryconvincing。Onp。5headmitsthat“thereisareligiousmeaninginherentintheprimitiveconceptionandpracticeofALLhumanrelations“；andalargepartofhisch。xiiistakenupinshowingthatevensuchinstitutionsastheSaturnaliawerereligiousinconfirmingthesenseofsocialunionandleadingto"extendedidentity。"

Butforthehumansoul——whateveritsfate，andwhateverthedangersanddisastersthatthreatenit——thereisalwaysredemptionwaiting。Aswesawinthelastchapter，thiscorruptionofSexled(quitenaturally)toitsdenialandrejection；anditsdenialledtothedifferentiationfromitofLove。HumanitygainedbytheenthronementAnddeificationofLove，pureandundefiled，and(forthetimebeing)exaltedbeyondthismortalworld，andfreefromallearthlycontracts。Butagainintheend，thedivorcethusintroducedbetweenthephysicalandthespiritualledtothecripplingofboth。Loverelegated，sotospeak，toheavenasapurelyphilanthropical，piousand"spiritual"

affair，becameexceedinglyDULL；andsex，remainingonearth，butdesertedbytheredeemingpresence，fellintomere“carnalcuriosityandwretchednessofuncleanliving。”

Obviouslyforthehumanracethereremainsnothing，inthefinalevent，butthereconciliationofthephysicalandthespiritual，andaftermanysufferings，thereunionofErosandPsyche。

Thereisstill，however，muchtobesaidabouttheThirdStateofConsciousness。Letusexamineintoitalittlemoreclosely。Clearly，sinceitisanewstate，andnotmerelyanextensionofaformerone，onecannotarriveatitbyargumentderivedfromtheSecondstate，forallconsciousThoughtsuchaswehabituallyusesimplykeepsusINtheSecondstate。NoanimalorquiteprimitivemancouldpossiblyunderstandwhatwemeanbySelf-consciousnesstillhehadexperiencedit。Mereargumentwouldnotenlightenhim。AndsonooneintheSecondstatecanquiterealizetheThirdstatetillhehasexperiencedit。Still，explanationsmayhelpustoperceiveinwhatdirectiontolook，andtorecognizeinsomeofourexperiencesanapproachtotheconditionsought。

Evidentlyitisamentalconditioninsomerespectsmoresimilartothefirstthantothesecondstage。Thesecondstageofhumanpsychologicevolutionisanaberration，adivorce，aparenthesis。WithitsculminationanddismissalthemindpassesbackintothesimplestateofunionwiththeWhole。(ThestateofEkagrataintheHinduphilosophy:

one-pointedness，singlenessofmind。)AndtheconsciousnessoftheWhole，andofthingspastandthingstocomeandthingsfararound——whichconsciousnesshadbeenshutoutbytheconcentrationonthelocalself——beginstoreturnagain。Thisisnottosay，ofcourse，thattheexcursusinthesecondstagehasbeenalossandadefect。

Onthecontrary，itmeansthattheReturnisabringingofallthathasbeengainedduringtheperiodofexile(allsortsofmentalandtechnicalknowledgeandskill，emotionaldevelopments，finesseandadaptabilityofmind)BACKintoharmonywiththeWhole。Itmeansultimatelyagreatgain。

TheMan，perfected，comesbacktoavastlyextendedharmony。Heentersagainintoarealunderstandingandconfidentialrelationshipwithhisphysicalbodyandwiththebodyofthesocietyinwhichhedwells——frombothofwhichhehasbeensadlydivorced；andhetakesupagainthebrokenthreadoftheCosmicLife。

Everyonehasnoticedtheextraordinaryconsentsometimesobservableamongthemembersofananimalcommunity——

howaflockof500birds(e。g。starlings)willsuddenlychangeitsdirectionofflight——thelightonthewingsshiftingINSTANTANEOUSLY，asiftheimpulsetoveercametoallatthesameidenticalmoment；orhowbeeswillswarmorotherwiseactwithoneaccord，ormigratingcreatures(lemmings，deer，gossamerspiders，wingedants)thesame。Whateverexplanationofthesefactswefavor——whetherthepossessionofswifterandfinermeansofexternalcommunicationthanwecanperceive，orwhetheracommonandinnersensitivitytothegeniusoftheTribe(the“SpiritoftheHive“)ortothepromptingsofgreatNaturearound——inanycasethesefactsofanimallifeappeartothrowlightonthepossibilitiesofanaccordandconsentamongthemembersofemaciatedhumanity，suchaswedreamofnow，andseemtobidushavegoodhopeforthefuture。

Itishere，perhaps，thattheancientworshipoftheLingamcomesin。Theworditselfisapparentlyconnectedwithourword"link，"andhasoriginallythesamemeaning。[1]

Itisthelinkbetweenthegenerations。BeginningwiththeworshipofthephysicalRace-life，thecourseofpsychologicevolutionhasbeenfirsttotheworshipoftheTribe(oroftheTotemwhichrepresentsthetribe)；thentotheworshipofthehuman-formedGodofthetribe——theGodwhodiesandrisesagaineternally，asthetribepassesoneternal——thoughitsmembersperpetuallyperish；thentotheconceptionofanundyingSavior，andtherealizationanddistinctexperienceofsomekindofSuper-consciousnesswhichdoescertainlyreside，moreorlesshidden，inthedeepsofthemind，andhasbeenwaitingthroughtheagesforitsdisclosureandrecognition。Thenagaintotherecognitionthatinthesacrifices，theSlayerandtheSlainareone——thestrangeandprofoundlymysticperceptionthattheGodandtheVictimareinessencethesame——thededicationof"HimselftoHimself"[2]andsimultaneouslywiththistheinterpretationoftheEucharistasmeaning，evenfortheindividual，theparticipationinEternalLife——

thecontinuinglifeoftheTribe，orultimatelyofHumanity。[3]

TheTribalorderrisestoHumanity；loveascendsfromthelingamtoyogam，fromphysicalunionalonetotheunionwiththeWhole——whichofcourseincludesphysicalandallotherkindsofunion。NowonderthatthegoodSt。Paul，witnessingthatextraordinarywhirlpoolofbeliefsandpractices，newandold，thereinthefirstcenturyA。D——theunabashedadorationofsexsidebysidewiththetranscendentaldevotionsoftheVedicsagesandtheGnostics——becamesomewhatconfusedhimselfandevenalittleviolent，scoldinghisdisciples(ICor。x。21)fortheirundiscriminatingacceptance，asitseemedtohim，ofthingsutterlyalienandantagonistic。“YecannotdrinkthecupoftheLordandthecupofdevils:yecannotbepartakersoftheLord"stableandthetableofdevils。”

[1]SeeSanskritDictionary。

[2]SeeCh。VIII。

[3]Therearemanyindicationsinliterature——inpropheticorpoeticform——ofthisawarenessanddistinctconvictionofaneternallife，reachedthroughloveandaninnersenseofunionwithothersandwithhumanityatlarge；indicationswhichbearthemarkofabsolutegenuinenessandsincerityoffeeling。See，forinstance，Whitman"spoem，“TotheGardentheWorld“(LeavesofGrass，completeedition，p。79)。Butaneternallifeofthethirdorder；not，thankheaven！aneternityofthemeddlingandmuddlingself-consciousIntellect！

EverycarefulreaderhasnoticedtheconfusednessofPaul"smindandarguments。EventakingonlythoseEpistles(Galatians，RomansandCorinthians)whichthecriticsassigntohispen，thethingisobservable——andsomelearnedGermansevenspeakofTWOPauls。[1]Butalsothethingisquitenatural。TherecanbelittledoubtthatPaulofTarsus，aJewbroughtupinthestrictestsectofthePharisees，didatsometimefalldeeplyundertheinfluenceofGreekthought，andquitepossiblybecameaninitiateintheMysteries。ItwouldbedifficultotherwisetoaccountforhisconstantuseoftheMystery-language。Reitzensteinsays(p。59):“ThehellenisticreligiousliteratureMUSThavebeenreadbyhim；heusesitsterms，andissaturatedwithitsthoughts(seeRom。vi。1-14。”AndthisconjoinedwithhisJewishexperiencegavehimcreativepower。“AgreatdealinhissentimentandthoughtmayhaveREMAINEDJewish，buttohisHellenismhewasindebtedforhisloveoffreedomandhisfirmbeliefinhisapostleship。”Headoptsterms(like，and)[2]whichwereinuseamongthehellenisticsectsofthetime；andhewrites，asinRomansvi。4，5，aboutbeing“buried“withChristor“planted“inthelikenessofhisdeath，inwordswhichmightwellhavebeenused(withchangeofthename)byafollowerofAttisorOsirisafterwitnessingthecorresponding"mysteries"；certainlytheallusiontotheseancientdeitieswouldhavebeenunderstoodbyeveryreligionistofthatday。Thesefewpointsaresufficienttoacentuate{sic}thetwoelementsinPaul，theJewishandtheGreek，andtoexplain(sofar)theseemingconfusioninhisutterances。Furtheritisinterestingtonote——asshowingthepaganinfluencesintheN。T。writings——thedegreetowhichtheEpistletoPhilemon(ascribedtoPaul)

isFULL——shortasitis——ofexpressionslikePRISONERoftheLord，FELLOWSOLDIER，CAPTIVEorBONDMAN，[3]whichweresocommonatthetimeastobealmostacantinMithraismandthealliedcults。InIPeterii。2[4]，wehavetheverse“Asnewbornbabes，desireyethesincereMILKoftheword，thatyemaygrowthereby。”Andagainwemaysaythatnooneinthatdaycouldmistakethereferencehereincontainedtooldinitiationceremoniesandthenewbirth(asdescribedinChapterVIIIabove)，forindeedmilkwasthewell-knowndietofthenoviceintheIsismysteries，aswellasOnsomesavagetribes)oftheMedicine-manwhenpractisinghiscalling。

[1]“DieMysterien-anschauungen，diebeiPaulusimHintergrundestehen，drangensichindemsogenarmtenDeuteropaulinismusmachtigvor“(Reitzenstein)。

[2]RemindfulofourThreeStages:theAnimal，theSelf-conscious，andtheCosmic。

[3]。

[4]SeealsoICor。iii。2。

AndheretooDemocracycomesin——strangelyforebodedfromthefirstinallthismatter。[1]NotonlydoestheThirdStagebringillumination，intuitiveunderstandingofprocessesinNatureandHumanity，sympathywiththeanimals，artisticcapacity，andsoforth，butitnecessarilybringsanewOrderofSociety。Apreposterous——onemayalmostsayahideous——socialAgeissurelydrawingtoitsend，Thedebaclewearewitnessingto-dayalloverEurope(includingthe，BritishIslands)，thebreak-upofoldinstitutions，thegenerallymaterialisticoutlookonlife，thecomingtothesurfaceofhugemassesofdiseasedandfatuouspopulations，thescumanddregscreatedbythepastorder，allpointtotheEndofaDispensation。ProtestantismandCommercialism，inthetwofieldsofreligionanddailylifehave，asIhaveindicatedbefore，beenoccupiedinconcentratingthemindofeachmansolelyonhisOWNwelfare，thesalvationofhisOWNsoulorbody。Thesetwoforceshavethereforebeendisruptivetothelastdegree；theymarktheculminationoftheSelf-consciousAge——aculminationinWar，Greed，Materialism，andthegeneralprincipleofDevil-

take-the-hindmost——andtheclearingofthegroundfortheneworderwhichistocome。Sothereishopeforthehumanrace。Itsevolutionisnotallamereformlesscrazeandjumble。ThereisaninnernecessitybywhichHumanityunfoldsfromonedegreeorplaneofconsciousnesstoanother。Andiftherehasbeenagreat"Fall"orLapseintoconflictanddiseaseand"sin"andmisery，occupyingthemajorpartoftheHistoricalperiodhitherto，weseethatthisperiodisonlybrief，sotospeak，incomparisonwiththewholecurveofgrowthandexpansion。Weseealsothat，asIhavesaidbefore，thebeliefinastateofsalvationordeliverancehasinthepastagesneverleftitselfquitewithoutawitnessinthecreedsandritualsandpoemsandpropheciesofmankind。Art，insomeformorother，asanactivityorinspirationdatingnotfromtheconsciousIntellect，butfromdeeperregionsofsub-consciousfeelingandintuition，hascontinuallycometousasamessagefromandanevidenceoftheThirdstageorstate，andasapromiseofitsmorecompleterealizationunderotherconditions。

Throughthelongnight-timewheretheNationswanderFromEdenpasttoParadisetobe，Art"ssacredflowers，likefairstarsshiningyonder，AloneillumineLife"sobscurity。

OgraciousArtists，outofyourdeephearts"TissomegreatSun，Idoubt，bymenunguessed，Whoserayscomestrugglingthus，inslenderdarts，ToshadowwhatIs，tillTimeshallmanifest。

[1]SeethegermsofDemocracyintheyogateachingoftheHindus，andintheUpanishads，theBhagavatGita，andotherbooks。

WiththeCosmicstagecomesalsonecessarilytherehabilitationoftheWHOLEofSocietyinonefellowship(thetrueDemocracy)。Nottheruleordominationofoneclassorcaste——asoftheIntellectual，thePious，theCommercialortheMilitary——butthefusionoratleastconsentaneousorganizationofALL(asinthecorrespondingfunctionsofthehumanBody)。Classrulehasbeenthemarkofthatsecondperiodofhumanevolution，andhasinevitablygivenbirthduringthatperiodtowarsandself-agrandizementsofclassesandsections，andtheirconsequentgreedsandtyranniesoverotherclassesandsections。Itisnotfoundintheprimitivehumantribesandsocieties，andwillnotbefoundinthefinalformsofhumanassociation。

TheliberatedandemancipatedManpassesunconstrainedandunconstrainingthroughallgradesandplanesofhumanfellowship，equalandundisturbed，andneverleavinghistruehomeandabidingplaceintheheartofall。EquallynecessarilywiththerehabilitationofSocietyasanentiretywillfollowtherehabilitationoftheentirephysicalbodyIN

eachmemberofSociety。WehavespokenalreadyofNakedness:

itsmeaningandlikelyextentofadoption(Ch。XII)。Theideathattheheadandthehandsaretheonlyseemlyandpresentablemembersoftheorganism，andthattheothermembersareunworthyandindecent，isobviouslyasonesidedandlopsidedasthatwhichhonorscertainclassesinthecommonwealthanddespisesothers。Whyshouldtheheadbragofitsascendancyanddomination，andtheheartbesmotheredupandhidden?Itwillonlybealifefarmoreintheopenairthanthatwhichweleadatpresent，whichwillrestorethebalanceandultimatelybringusbacktosanityandhealth。

XVI。THEEXODUSOFCHRISTIANITY

WehavedealtwiththeGenesisofChristianity；wenowcometotheExodus。ForthatChristianitycanCONTINUE

toholdthefieldofReligionintheWesternWorldisneitherprobablenordesirable。Itistrue，asIhaveremarkedalready，thatthereisacertaintroubleaboutdefiningwhatwemeanby“Christianity“similartothatabouttheword“Civilization。”

IfweselectoutofthegreatmassofdoctrinesandritesfavoredbythevariousChristianChurchesjustthosewhichcommendthemselvestothemostmodernandhumaneandrationalhumanmindandchoosetocallthatresulting(butrathersmall)bodyofbeliefandpractice"Christianity"

weare，ofcourse，entitledtodoso，andtohope(aswedohope)thatthisresiduumwillsurviveandgoforwardintothefuture。Butthissortofproceedingishardlyfairandcertainlynotlogical。ItenablesChristianitytoposeasanangeloflightwhileatthesametimekeepingdiscreetlyoutofsightallitsownabominationsanddeedsofdarkness。

TheChurch——whichbeganitscareerbydestroying，distortinganddenyingthepagansourcesfromwhichitsprang；

whosebishopsandotherecclesiasticsassassinatedeachotherintheirtheologicalrancour“ofwildbeasts，“whichencouragedthewickedfollyoftheCrusades——especiallytheChildren"sCrusades——andtheshamefulmurdersoftheManicheans，theAlbigenses，andtheHuguenots；whichburnedatthestakethousandsandthousandsofpoor"witches"and"heretics"；whichhashardlyeverspokenagenerouswordinfavorordefenceoftheanimals；whichinmoderntimeshassupportedvivisectionasagainstthelatter，CapitalismandCommercialismasagainstthepoorerclassesofmankind；andwhosepriestsintheformsofitsvarioussects，GreekorCatholic，LutheranorProtestant，haveintheselastdaysrushedforthtourgethenationstoslaughtereachotherwitheverydiabolicaldeviceofScience，andtoglorifythewar-cryofPatriotismindefianceoftheprincipleofuniversalBrotherhood——suchaChurchcanhardlyclaimtohaveestablishedtheangeliccharacterofitsmissionamongmankind！Andifitbesaid——asitoftenISSAID:“Oh！butyoumustgobacktothegenuinearticle，andtheChurch"srealoriginandonefoundationinthepersonandteachingofJesusChrist，“thenindeedyoucomebacktothepointwhichthisbook，asabove，enforces:

namely，thatastothepersonofJesus，thereisnoCERTAINTYatallthatheeverexisted；andastotheteachingcreditedtohim，itiscertainthatthatcomesdownfromaperiodlonganteriorto"Christianity"andispartofwhatmayjustlybecalledaveryancientWorld-religion。So，asinthecaseof"Civilization，"wearecompelledtoseethatitisuselesstoapplythewordtosomeidealstateofaffairsordoctrine(anidealbynomeansthesameinallpeople"sminds，orinalllocalitiesandtimes)，butthattheonlyreasonablethingtodoistoapplyitineachcasetoaHISTORICALPERIOD。InthecaseofChristianitythehistoricalperiodhaslastednearly2，000years，and，asIsay，wecanhardlyexpectorwishthatitshouldlastmuchlonger。

TheverythoroughandcarefulinvestigationofreligiousoriginswhichhasbeenmadeduringlateyearsbyagreatnumberofstudentsandobserversundoubtedlytendstoshowthattherehasbeensomethinglikeagreatWorld-religioncomingdownthecenturiesfromtheremotesttimesandgraduallyexpandingandbranchingasithascome——thatistosaythatthesimilarity(inESSENCEthoughnotalwaysinexternaldetail)betweenthecreedsandritualsofwidelysunderedtribesandpeoplesissogreatastojustifytheview——advancedinthepresentvolume——thatthesecreedsandritualsarethenecessaryoutgrowthsofhumanpsychology，slowlyevolving，andthatconsequentlytheyhaveacommonoriginandintheirvariousformsacommonexpression。OfthisgreatWorld-religion，socomingdown，Christianityisundoubtedlyabranch，andanimportantbranch。Buttherehavebeenimportantbranchesbefore；andwhileitmaybetruethatChristianityemphasizessomepointswhichmayhavebeenoverlookedorneglectedintheVedicteachingsorinBuddhism，orinthePersianandEgyptianandSyriancults，orinMahommedanism，andsoforth，itisalsoequallytruethatChristianityhasitselfoverlookedorneglectedvaluablepointsinthesereligions。Ithas，infact，thedefectsofitsqualities。IftheWorld-religionislikeagreattree，onecannotexpectordesirethatallitsbranchesshouldbedirectedtowardsthesamepointofthecompass。

Reinach，whosestudiesofreligiousoriginsarealwaysinterestingandcharacterizedbyacertainGallicgraceandnettete，thoughwithasomewhatJewishnon-perceptionofthemysticelementinlife，definesReligionasacombinationofanimismandscruples。Thisisgoodinaway，becauseitgivesthetwoaspectsofthesubject:theinner，animism，consistingofthesenseofcontactwithmoreorlessintelligentbeingsmovinginNature；andtheouter，consistinginscruplesortaboos。TheoneaspectshowsthefeelingwhichINSPIRESreligion，theother，thechecksandlimitationswhichDEFINEitandgivebirthtoritual。Butlikemostanthropologistshe(Reinach)isalittleTOO

patronizingtowardsthe“poorIndianwithuntutoredmind。”Heissorryforpeoplesofoolishastobeanimisticintheiroutlook，andheisalwayscarefultopointoutthatthescruplesandtabooswerequitesenselessintheirorigin，thoughoccasionally(byaccident)theyturnedoutuseful。

Yet——asIhavesaidbefore——Animismisaperfectlysensible，logicalandNECESSARYattitudeofthehumanmind。Itisanecessaryattributeofman"spsychicalnature，bywhichheprojectsintothegreatWorldaroundhimtheimageofhisownmind。Whenthatmindisinaveryprimitive，inchoate，andfragmentarycondition，theimagessoprojectedarethoseoffragmentaryintelligences("spirits，"

gnomes，etc——theageofmagic)；whenthemindrisestodistinctconsciousnessofitselfthereflectionsofitareanthropomorphic"gods"；whenfinallyitreachestheuniversalorcosmicstateitperceivesthepresenceofauniversalBeingbehindallphenomena——whichBeingisindeeditself——“HimselftoHimself。”IfyoulikeyoumaycallthewholeprocessbythenameofAnimism。Itisperfectlysensiblethroughout。Theonlyprovisoisthatyoushouldalsobesensible，anddistinguishthedifferentstagesintheprocess。

JaneHarrisonmakesconsiderableeffortstoshowthatReligionisprimarilyareflectionoftheSOCIALConscience(seeThemis，pp。482-92)——thatis，thatthesenseinManofa“Powerthatmakesforrighteousness“outside(andalsoinside)himisderivedfromhisfeelingofcontinuitywiththeTribeandhisinstinctiveobediencetoitsbehests，confirmedbyagesofcollectivehabitandexperience。

Hecannotinfactseverthenavel-stringwhichconnectshimwithhistribalMother，eventhoughhedesirestodoso。AndnodoubtthisviewoftheoriginofReligionisperfectlycorrect。ButitmustbepointedoutthatitdoesnotbyanymeansexcludetheviewthatreligionderivesalsofromanAnimismbywhichmanrecognizesingeneralNaturehisfoster-motherandfeelshimselfinclosesttouchwithHER。Whichmayhavecomefirst，theSocialaffiliationortheNatureaffiliation，Ileavetotheprofessorstodetermine。ThetermAnimismmay，asfarasIcansee，bequitewellappliedtothesocialaffiliation，forthelatterisevidentlyonlyacaseinwhichtheindividualprojectshisowndegreeofconsciousnessintothehumangrouparoundhiminsteadofintotheanimalsorthetrees，butitisacaseofwhichthejusticeissoobviousthatthemodernmancanintellectuallyseizeandunderstandit，andconsequentlyhedoesnottaritwiththe"animistic"brush。

AndMissHarrison，itmustbenoticed，does，inotherpassagesofthesamebook(seeThemis，pp。68，69)，admitthatReligionhasitsoriginnotonlyfromunitywiththeTribebutfromthesenseofaffiliationtoNature——thesenseof“aworldofunseenpowerlyingbehindthevisibleuniverse，aworldwhichisthesphere，aswillbeseen，ofmagicalactivityandthemediumofmysticism。Themysticalelement，theonenessandcontinuousnesscomesoutveryclearlyinthenotionofWakondaamongtheSiouxIndians……TheOmahasregardedallanimateandinanimateforms，allphenomena，aspervadedbyacommonlife，whichwascontinuousandsimilartothewill-powertheywereconsciousofinthemselves。ThismysteriouspowerinallthingstheycalledWakonda，andthroughitallthingswererelatedtoman，andtoeachother。Intheideaofthecontinuityoflife，arelationwasmaintainedbetweentheseenandtheunseen，thedeadandtheliving，andalsobetweenthefragmentofanythinganditsentirety。”Thusourgeneralpositionisconfirmed，thatReligioninitsoriginhasbeenINSPIREDbyadeepinstinctiveconvictionoractualsenseofcontinuitywithabeingorbeingsintheworldaround，whileithasderiveditsFORMandritualbyslowdegreesfromavastnumberoftaboos，generatedinthefirstinstancechieflybysuperstitiousfears，butgraduallywiththegrowthofreasonandobservationbecomingsimplifiedandrationalizedintoformsofuse。Ontheonesidetherehasbeenthepositiveimpulse——ofmereanimalDesireandtheanimalurgeofself-expression；ontheothertherehasbeenthenegativeforceofFearbasedonignorance——thelattercontinuallycarving，mouldingandshapingtheformer。Accordingtothisanorganizedstudyandclassificationoftaboosmightyieldsomeinterestingresults；

becauseindeeditwouldthrowlightontheearliestformsofbothreligionandscience。Itwouldbeseenthatsometaboos，likethoseofCONTACT(saywithamenstruouswoman，oramother-in-law，oralightning-strucktree)hadanobviousbasisofobservation，justifiablebutverycrude；whileothers，likethetabooagainstharminganenemywhohadcontractedblood-friendshipwithoneofyourowntribe，oragainstgivingdecentburialtoamurderer，wereequallyroughandrudeexpressionsorindicationsofthegrowingmoralsentimentofmankind。Allthesametherewouldbeleft，inanycase，alargeresiduumoftabooswhichcouldonlybejudgedassenseless，andthemererubbishofthesavagemind。

SomuchforthefirstoriginsoftheWorld-religion；

andIthinkenoughhasbeensaidinthevariouschaptersofthisbooktoshowthatthesamegeneralprocesshasobtainedthroughout。Man，liketheanimals，beganwiththisdeep，subconscioussenseofunitywithsurroundingNature。Whenthisbecame(inMan)fairlyconscious，itledtoMagicandTotemism。Moreconscious，anditbranched，ontheonehand，intofiguresofGodsanddefiniteformsofCreeds，ontheotherintoelaborateScientificTheories——

thelatterbasedonastrongINTELLECTUALbeliefinUnity，butferventlydenyingany"anthropomorphic"or"animistic"

SENSEofthatunity。Finally，itseemsthatwearenowontheedgeofafurtherstagewhenthetheoriesandthecreeds，scientificandreligious，areonthevergeofcollapsing，butinsuchawayastoleavethesenseandtheperceptionofUnity——therealcontentofthewholeprocess——notonlyundestroyed，butimmenselyheightenedandilluminated。Meanwhilethetaboos——ofwhichthereremainsomestill，bothreligiousandscientific——

havebeengraduallybreakingupandmergingthemselvesintoareasonableandhumaneorderoflifeandphilosophy。

IhavesaidthatoutofthisWorld-religionChristianityreallysprang。Itisevidentthatthetimehasarrivedwhenitmusteitheracknowledgeitssourceandfranklyendeavortoaffiliateitselftothesame，orfailingthatmustperish。Inthefirstcaseitwillprobablyhavetochangeitsname；inthesecondthequestionofitsname"willinterestitnomore。"

Withregardtothefirstofthesealternatives，Imightventure——

thoughwithindifference——tomakeafewsuggestions。

Whyshouldwenothave——insteadofaHolyRomanChurch——aHolyHUMANChurch，rehabilitatingtheancientsymbolsandrituals，aChristianity(ifyoustilldesiretocallitso)franklyandgladlyacknowledgingitsownsources?Thisseemsareasonableandevenfeasibleproposition。IfsuchachurchwishedtocelebrateaMassorCommunionorEucharistitwouldhaveagreatvarietyofritesandcustomsofthatkindtoselectfrom；thosethatwerenotappropriateforuseinourtimesorwereconnectedwiththeworshipofstrangegodsneednotberejectedorcondemned，butcouldstillbecommentedonandexplainedasapproachestothesameidea——theideaofdedicationtotheCommonLife，andofreinvigorationinthepartakingofit。IftheChurchwishedtocelebratetheCrucifixionorbetrayalofitsFounder，ahundredinstancesofsuchcelebrationswouldbetohand，andstillthethoughtthathasunderlainsuchcelebrationssincethebeginningoftheworldcouldeasilybedisentangledandpresentedinconcreteformanew。Inthelightofsuchteachingexpressionslike“IknowthatmyRedeemerliveth“wouldbetracedtotheirorigin，andmenwouldunderstandthatnotwithstandingthemassofrubbish，cantandhumbugwhichhascollectedroundthemtheyreallydomeansomethingandrepresenttheage-longinstinctofHumanityfeelingitswaytowardsamoreextendedrevelation，aneworderofbeing，athirdstageofconsciousnessandillumination。InsuchaChurchorreligiousorganizationEVERYqualityofhumannaturewouldhavetoberepresented，everypracticeandcustomallowedforanditsplaceaccorded——themagicalandastronomicalmeanings，theritesconnectedwithsun-worship，orwithsex，orwiththeworshipofanimals；theconsecrationofcornandwineandotherproductsoftheground，initiations，sacrifices，andsoforth——all(ifindeeditclaimedtobeaWorld-religion)wouldhavetoberepresentedandrecognized。Fortheyallhavetheirlonghumanoriginanddescentinandthroughthepagancreeds，andtheyallhavepenetratedintoandbecomeembodiedtosomedegreeinChristianity。Christianitytherefore，asIsay，musteithernowcomefranklyforwardand，acknowledgingitsparentagefromthegreatOrderofthepast，seektorehabilitateTHATandcarrymankindonestepforwardinthepathofevolution——orelseitmustperish。Thereisnootheralternative。[1]

[1]ComteinfoundinghisphilosophyofPositivismseemstohavehadinviewsomesuchHolyHumanChurch，buthesucceededinmakingitallsoprofoundlydullthatitneverflourished，TheseedofLifewasnotinit。

LetmegiveaninstanceofhowafragmentofancientritualwhichhassurvivedfromthefarPastandisstillcelebrated，butwithlittleintelligenceorunderstanding，intheCatholicChurchofto-day，mightbeadoptedinsuchaChurchasIhavespokenof，interpreted，andmadeeloquentofmeaningtomodernhumanity。WhenIwasinCeylonnearly30yearsagoIwasfortunateenoughtowitnessanight-festivalinaHinduTemple——thegreatfestivalofTaipusam，whichtakesplaceeveryyearinJanuary。Ofcourse，itwasfullmoon，andgreatwastheblowingupoftrumpetsinthehugecourtyardoftheTemple。Themoonshonedownabovefromamongthefrondsoftallcoco-palms，onadensecrowdofnativeworshipers——menandafewwomen——themenforthemostpartcladinlittlemorethanaloin-cloth，thewomenpicturesqueintheircoloredsarisandjewelledearandnoserings。TheimagesofSivaandtwoothergodswerecarriedinprocessionroundandroundthetemple——threeorfourtimes；nautchgirlsdancedbeforetheimages，musicians，blowinghornsandhugeshells，orpipingonflageoletsorbeatingtom-toms，accompaniedthem。Thecrowdcarryingtorchesorhighcrateswithflamingcoco-nuts，walkedorratherdancedalongoneachside，elatedandexcitedwiththesenseofthepresentdivinity，yetpleasantlyfreefromanyabjectawe。Thewholethingindeedremindedoneofsomebas-reliefofaBacchanalianprocessioncarvedonaGreeksarcophagus——andespeciallysoinitshilarityandsuggestionoffriendlyintimacywiththegod。Thereweresingingofhymnsandthefloatingofthechiefactorsonaraftroundasacredlake。AndthencamethefinalAct。Siva，orhisimage，veryweightyandborneontheshouldersofstrongmen，wascarriedintothefirstchamberorhalloftheTempleandplacedonanaltarwithacurtainhanginginfront。Thecrowdfollowedwitharush；andthentherewasmoremusic，recitalofhymns，andreadingfromsacredbooks。

Fromwherewestoodwecouldseetheritewhichwasperformedbehindthecurtain。Twofive-branchedcandlestickswerelighted；andthemanneroftheirlightingwasasfollows。Eachbranchendedinalittlecup，andinthecupsfivepiecesofcamphorwereplaced，allapproximatelyequalinsize。Afterofferingshadbeenmade，offruit，flowersandsandalwood，thefivecamphorsineachcandlestickwerelighted。Asthecamphorflamesburnedoutthemusicbecamemorewildandexciting，andthenatthemomentoftheirextinctionthecurtainsweredrawnasideandthecongregationoutsidesuddenlybeheldthegodrevealedandinablazeoflight。Thisburningofcamphorwas，likeotherthingsintheservice，emblematic。Thefivelightsrepresentthefivesenses。Justascamphorconsumesitselfandleavesnoresiduebehind，soshouldthefivesenses，beingofferedtothegod，consumethemselvesanddisappear。

Whenthisisdone，thathappensinthesoulwhichwasnowfiguredintheritual——theGodisrevealedintheinnerlight。[1]

[1]ForamoredetailedaccountofthisTemple-festival，seeAdam"sPeaktoElephantabyE。Carpenter，ch。vii。

Wearefamiliarwiththispartingorrendingoftheveil。

WehearofitintheJewishTemple，andintheGreekandEgyptianMysteries。Ithadamysticallyreligious，andalsoobviouslysexual，signification。ItoccurshereandthereintheRomanCatholicritual。InSpain，someancientCatholicceremonialsarekeptupwithabrillianceandsplendorhardlyfoundelsewhereinEurope。IntheCathedral，atSevilletheserviceofthePassion，carriedoutonGoodFridaywithgreatsolemnityandaccompaniedwithfinemusic，culminatesontheSaturdaymorning——i。e。

intheintervalbetweentheCrucifixionandtheResurrection——

inaspectaclesimilartothatdescribedinCeylon。

Arichvelvet-blackcurtainhangsbeforetheHighAltar。Attheappropriatemomentandastheveryemotionalstrainsofvoicesandinstrumentsreachtheirclimaxinthe“GloriainExcelsis，“thecurtainwithasuddenburstofsound(thunderandtheringingofallthebells)isrentasunder，andthecrucifiedJesusisseenhangingthererevealedinahaloofglory。

ThereisalsoheldatSevilleCathedralandbeforetheHighAltareveryyear，theverycuriousDanceoftheSeises(sixes)，performednowby16insteadof(asofold)by12

boys，quaintlydressed。Itseemstobeasurvivalofsomeveryancientritual，probablyastronomical，inwhichthetwosetsofsixrepresentthesignsoftheZodiac，andiscelebratedduringthefestivalsofCorpusChristi，theImmaculateConception，andtheCarnival。

NumerousinstancesmightofcoursebeadducedofhowaChurchaspiringtobearealChurchofHumanitymightadoptandre-createtheritualsofthepastinthelightofamoderninspiration。Indeedthedifficultywouldbetolimittheprocess，forEVERYancientritual，wecannowsee，hashadameaningandamessage，anditwouldbearealjoytodisentangletheseandtoexposetheprofoundsolidarityofhumanityandaspirationfromtheverydawnofcivilizationdowntothepresentday。NorwoulditbenecessarytoimagineanyActofUniformityordeadlevelofceremonialinthematter。Differentgroupsmightconcentrateondifferentphasesofreligiousthoughtandpractice。TheonlynecessitywouldbethattheyshouldapproachthesubjectwitharealloveofHumanityintheirheartsandarealdesiretocomeintotouchwiththedeepinnerlifeandmysticgrowing-painsofthesoulsofmenandwomeninallages。InthisdirectionM。Loisyhasdonenobleandexcellentwork；butthedeadweightandselfishblinkerdomoftheCatholicorganizationhashamperedhimtothatdegreethathehasbeenunabletogetjusticedonetohisliberalizingdesigns——or，perhaps，eventorevealthefullextentofthem。Andthesamedifficultywillremain。OntheonehandnospiritualmovementwhichdoesnottakeuptheattitudeofaWorld-religionhasnowinthisage，anychanceofsuccess；ontheother，alltheexistingChurches——whetherRomanCatholic，orGreek，orProtestantorSecularist——whetherChristianorJewishorPersianorHindu——willinallprobabilityadoptthesameblindandblinkeredandselfishattitudeasthatdescribedabove，andsodisqualifythemselvesforthegreatroleofworld-wideemancipation，whichsomereligionatsometimewillcertainlyhavetoplay。ItisthesamedifficultywhichisloominglargeinmodernWorld-politics，wherethelocalselfishnessandvainglorious“patriotisms“oftheNationsaresadlyimpedingandobstructingthedevelopmentofthatsenseofInternationalismandBrotherhoodwhichistheclearlyindicatedformofthefuture，andwhichalonecangiveeachnationdeliverancefromfear，andapromiseofgrowth，andtheconfidentassuranceofpower。

IsaythatChristianitymusteitherfranklyadoptthisgenerousattitudeandconfessitselfabranchofthegreatWorld-religion，anxiousonlytodohonortoitssource——

orelseitmustperishandpassaway。Thereisnootheralternative。ThehourofitsExodushascome。Itmaybe，ofcourse，thatneithertheChristianChurchnoranybranchofit，noranyotherreligiousorganization，willstepintothegap。Itmaybe——butIdonotthinkthisislikely——thatthetimeofritesandceremoniesandformalcreedsisPAST，andchurchesofanykindwillbenomoreneededintheworld:notlikely，Isay，becauseofthestillfarbackwardnessofthehumanmasses，andtheirconsiderabledependenceyetonlawsandformsandrituals。Still，ifitshouldprovethatthatageofdependenceISreallyapproachingitsend，thatwouldsurelybeamatterforcongratulation。

ItwouldmeanthatmankindwasmovingintoaknowledgeoftheREALITYwhichhasunderlaintheseoutershows——thatitwascomingintotheThirdstageofitsConsciousness。

Havingfoundthistherewouldbenoneedforittodwellanylongerinthelandofsuperstitionsandformulae。Itwouldhavecometotheplaceofwhichtheselatterareonlytheoutlyingindications。

Itmay，therefore，happen——andthisquiteindependentlyofthegrowthofaWorld-cultsuchasIhavedescribed，thoughbynomeansinantagonismtoit——thatareligiousphilosophyorTheosophymightdevelopandspread，similartotheGnonamoftheHindusortheGnomsisofthepre-Christiansects，whichwouldbecome，firstamongindividualsandafterwardsamonglargebodiesovertheworld，thereligionof——orperhapsoneshouldsaythereligiousapproachtotheThirdState。BooksliketheUpanishadsoftheVedicseers，andtheBhagavatGita，thoughgarbledandobscuredbypriestlyinterferencesandmystifications，doundoubtedlyrepresentandgiveexpressiontothehighestutteranceofreligiousexperiencetobefoundanywhereintheworld。Theyareindeedthemanualsofhumanentranceintothecosmicstate。ButasIsay，andashashappenedinthecaseofothersacredbooks，avastdealofrubbishhasaccretedroundtheiressentialteachings，andhastobeclearedaway。Togointoaseriousexplicationofthemeaningofthesebookswouldbefartoolargeanaffair，andwouldbeforeigntothepurposeofthepresentvolume；butIhaveintheAppendixbelowinsertedtwopapers，(on“Rest“and“TheNatureoftheSelf“)containingthesubstanceoflecturesgivenontheabovebooks。Thesepapersorlecturesarecouchedintheverysimplestlanguage，freefromSanskrittermsandtheusual"jargonoftheSchools，"andmay，Ihope，evenonthataccountbeofuseinfamiliarizingreaderswhoarenotspeciallySTUDENTSwiththeideasandmentalattitudesofthecosmicstate。Non-differentiation(Advaita[1])istherootattitudeofthemindinculcated。

[1]Thewordmeans“not-two-ness。”Hereweseeagreatsubtletyofdefinition。Itisnottobe“one“withothersthatisurged，buttobe“nottwo。”

Wehaveseenthattherehasbeenanageofnon-differentiationinthePast-non-differentiationfromothermembersoftheTribe，fromtheAnimals，fromNatureandtheSpiritorSpiritsofnature；whyshouldtherenotariseasimilarsenseofnon-differentiationintheFUTURE——similarbutmoreextendedmoreintelligent?CertainlythisWILLarrive，initsownappointedtime。Therewillbeasurpassingoftheboundsofseparationanddivision。TherewillbeasurpassingofallTaboos。WehaveseentheuseandfunctionofTaboosintheearlystagesofEvolutionandhowprogressandgrowthhavebeenverymuchamatteroftheirgradualextinctionandassimilationintothegeneralbodyofrationalthoughtandfeeling。Unreasoningandidiotictaboosstilllinger，buttheygrowweaker。AnewMoralitywillcomewhichwillshakeitselffreefromthem。Thesenseofkinshipwiththeanimals(asintheoldrituals)[1]willberestored；thesenseofkinshipwithalltheracesofmankindwillgrowandbecomeconsolidated；thesenseofthedefilementandimpurityofthehumanbodywill(withtheadoptionofagenerallycleanandwholesomelife)passaway；andthebodyitselfwillcometoberegardedmoreasacollectionofshrinesinwhichthegodsmaybeworshipedandlessasamereorganoftrivialself-gratifications；[2]therewillbenoformofNature，orofhumanlifeorofthelessercreatures，whichwillbebarredfromtheapproachofManorfromtheintimateandpenetratinginvasionofhisspirit；andasincertainceremoniesandafterhonorabletoilsandlaborsacitizenissometimesreceivedintothecommunityofhisowncity，sotheemancipatedhumanbeingonthecompletionofhislonglongpilgrimageonEarthwillbepresentedwiththeFreedomoftheUniverse。

[1]TherecordoftheRomanCatholicChurchhasbeensadlyCallousandinhumaninthismatteroftheanimals。

[2]SeeTheArtofCreation，byE。Carpenter。

XVII。CONCLUSION

Inconclusiontheredoesnotseemmuchtosay，excepttoaccentuatecertainpointswhichmaystillappeardoubtfulorcapableofbeingunderstood。

Thefactthatthemainargumentofthisvolumeisalongthelinesofpsychologicalevolutionwillnodoubtcommendittosome，whileontheotherhanditwilldiscreditthebooktootherswhoseeyes，beingfixedonpurelyMATERIAL

causes，canseenoimpetusinHistoryexceptthroughthese。

ButitmustberememberedthatthereisnottheleastreasonforSEPARATINGthetwofactors。Thefactthatpsychologicallymanhasevolvedfromsimpleconsciousnesstoself-consciousness，andisnowinprocessofevolutiontowardsanotherandmoreextendedkindofconsciousness，doesnotintheleastbarthesimultaneousappearanceandinfluenceofmaterialevolution。Itisclearindeedthatthetwomustlargelygotogether，actingandreactingoneachother。Whateverthephysicalconditionsoftheanimalbrainmaybewhichconnectthemselveswithsimple(unreflectedandunreflecting)consciousness，itisevidentthattheseconditions——inanimalsandprimitiveman——lastedforanenormousperiod，beforethedistinctconsciousnessoftheindividualandseparateSELFarose。ThissecondorderofconsciousnessseemstohavegerminatedatoraboutthesameperiodasthediscoveryoftheuseofTools(toolsofstone，copper，bronze，&c。)，theadoptionofpicture-writingandtheuseofreflectivewords(like“I“

and“Thou“)；anditledontotheappreciationofgoldandofironwiththeirornamentalandpracticalvalues，theaccumulationofProperty，theestablishmentofslaveryofvariouskinds，thesubjectionofWomen，theencouragementofluxuryandself-indulgence，thegrowthofcrowdedcitiesandtheendlessconflictsandwarssoresulting。Wecanseeplainlythattheincomingoftheself-motiveexercisedadirectstimulusonthepursuitofthesematerialobjectsandadaptations；andthatthematerialadaptationsintheirturndidlargelyaccentuatetheself-motive；buttoinsistthattherealexplanationofthewholeprocessisonlytobefoundalongonechannel——thematerialORthepsychical——isclearlyquiteunnecessary。Thosewhounderstandthatallmatterisconsciousinsomedegree，andthatallconsciousnesshasamaterialformofsomekind，willbethefirsttoadmitthis。