第6章

Second。TheEnglishareblunterthanwe。Theytalktousastheywouldtalktothemselves。Thewaywetakeitrevealsthatwearetoooftenthin-skinned。Recentpeopleareapttobethin-skinnedandself-consciousandself-assertive，whilethosewithathousandyearsoftraditionwouldhavethickerhidesandwouldneverfeelitnecessarytoassertthemselves。GiveanEnglishmanasgoodashegivesyou，andyouarecertaintowinhisrespect，andprobablyhisregard。InthisconnectionseemyanecdoteabouttheTommiesandYankeeswhophysicallyfoughtitout，andcompareitwiththeSalisbury，thevanSquibber，andtheopiumtradeanecdotes。"Treat"emrough，"whentheytreatyourough:theylikeit。Only，besureyoudoitintherightway。

Third。Wedifferbecausewearealike。ThatAmericanwhostoodinthetheatrecomplainingaboutthesixpencehedidn"thavetopayathomeisexactlylikeEnglishmenIhaveseencomplainingabouttheunexpectedhere。Wesharenotonlythesamemother-tongue，weshareeveryotherfundamentalthinguponwhichourwelfarerestsandourlivesarecarriedon。Welikethesamethings，wehatethesamethings。Wehavethesamenotionsaboutjustice，law，conduct；aboutwhatamanshouldbe，aboutwhatawomanshouldbe。Itislikethemother-tongueweshare，yetspeakwithadifference。

Takethemother-tongueforaparableandsymbolofalltherest。Justastheword"girl"isidenticaltooursightbutnottoourhearing，andmeansoh!quitethesamethingthroughoutusallinallitsmeanings，sothatidentityofnaturewhichwesharecomesoftentothesurfaceindifferentguise。OurloquacityestrangestheEnglishman，hissilenceestrangesus。BehindthatsilencebeatstheEnglishheart，warm，constant，andtrue；noneotherlikeitonearth，exceptourownatitsbest，beatingbehindourloquacity。

Thusfarmyanecdotescarryme。Maytheyhelpsomereadertoabetterunderstandingofwhathehasmisunderstoodheretofore!

NoanecdotesthatIcanfind(thoughIamsurethattheyaretobefound)

willillustrateonedifferencebetweenthetwopeoples，verynoticeableto-day。Itisincreasing。AnEnglishmannotonlystickscloserthanabrothertohisownrights，herespectstherightsofhisneighborjustasstrictly。WeAmericansarelosingourgriponthis。Itisthebottomofthewholething。Itisthemoralkeystoneofdemocracy。Howsoeverwemaytalkaboutourownrightsto-day，wepaylessandlessrespecttothoseofourneighbors。Theresultisthatto-daythereismorelibertyinEnglandthanhere。Libertyconsistsanddependsuponrespectingyourneighbor"srightseverybitasfairlyandsquarelyasyourown。

Ontheotherhand，IwonderiftheEnglishareasgoodlosersasweare?

Hardlyanythingthattheycoulddowouldrubusmorethewrongwaythantodenytousthatfairplayinsportwhichtheyaccordeachother。I

shallnotmorethanmentionthematchbetweenourBeniciaBoyandtheirTomSayers。OfthistheEnglishversionisasdefectiveasourschool-bookaccountoftheRevolution。Ishallalsopassovervariousotherinternationaleventsthataresomewhatwellknown，andIwillillustratethepointwithananecdoteknowntobutafew。

CrossingtheoceanweresomeyoungEnglishandAmericans，whogotupaninternationaltug-of-war。Afriendofminewasanchorofourteam。Wehappenedtowin。Theydidn"ttakeitverywell。Oneofthemsaidtotheanchor:

"Doyouknowwhyyoupulledusovertheline?"

"No。"

"Becauseyouhadalltheblackguardsonyoursideoftheline。"

"Doyouknowwhywehadalltheblackguardsonoursideoftheline?"

inquiredtheAmerican。

"No。"

"Becausewepulledyouovertheline。"

InoneofmyanecdotesIusedthetermSamJohnsontodescribeanEnglishmanofacertaintype。Dr。SamuelJohnsonwasaverymarkedspecimenofthetype，andalmosttheonlyillustriousEnglishmanoflettersduringourRevolutionarytroubleswhowasnotourfriend。Rightdownthroughtheyearseversince，therehavebeenSamJohnsonswritingandsayingunfavorablethingsaboutus。TheTorymustbeeternal，asmuchastheWhigorLiberal；andbotharealwaysneeded。TherewillprobablyalwaysbeSamJohnsonsinEngland，justliketheonewhowasscandalizedbyourChicagopacking-housedisclosures。NolongeragothanJune1，1919，aSamJohnson，whowasdiscussingthePeaceTreaty，saidinmyhearing，inLondon:

"TheYankeesshouldn"thavebeenbroughtintoanyconsultation。TheyaidedandabettedGermany。"

InLittell"sLivingAgeofJuly20，1918，pages151-160，youmayreadaninterestingaccountofBritishwritersontheUnitedStates。Thebygoneoneswereprettypreposterous。Theysatirizedthenewnessofanewcountry。ItwaslikevisitingtheEsquimauxandcomplainingthattheygrewnopineapplesandworeskins。InLittellyouwillfindhowfewaretherecentSamJohnsonsascomparedwiththerecentfriendlywriters。Youwillalsoberemindedthatouranti-EnglishcomplexwasdiscernedgenerationsagobyWashingtonIrving。HesaidinhisSketchBookthatwritersinthiscountrywere"instillingangerandresentmentintothebosomofayouthfulnation，togrowwithitsgrowthandtostrengthenwithitsstrength。"

AndhequotesfromtheEnglishQuarterlyReview，whichinthatearlydayalreadywroteofAmericaandEngland:

"Thereisasacredbondbetweenusbybloodandbylanguagewhichnocircumstancescanbreak……Nationsaretooreadytoadmitthattheyhavenaturalenemies；whyshouldtheybelesswillingtobelievethattheyhavenaturalfriends?"

Itisweourselvesto-day，notEngland，thatarepushingfriendshipaway。

Itisourpoliticians，papers，andpropagandistswhoaremakingthetroubleandthenoise。InEnglandthewilltofriendshiprules，hasruledforalongwhile。Doesthewilltohaterulewithus?DowepreferGermany?DoweprefertheindependenceofIrelandtothepeaceoftheworld?

ChapterXVI:AnInternationalImpostureApartoftheIrishisaskingourvoiceandourgoldtohelpindependenceforthewholeoftheIrish。IndependenceisnotdesiredbythewholeoftheIrish。IrishmenofUlsterhaveplainlysaidso。Everybodyknowsthis。

RomanCatholicsthemselvesarenotunanimous。Onlysomeofthemdesireindependence。These，knownasSinnFein，appealtousfordeliverancefromtheirconquerorandoppressor；theydwellupontheoppressionofEnglandbeneathwhichIrelandisnowcrushed。TheyrefertoEngland"sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestoftheIrishnationsevenhundredandforty-eightyearsago。

Whatisthetruth，whatarethefacts?

Byhisbull"Laudabiliter，"in1155，PopeAdriantheFourthinvitedtheKingofEnglandtotakechargeofIreland。In1172PopeAlexandertheThirdconfirmedthisbyseveralletters，atpresentpreservedintheBlackBookoftheExchequer。Accordingly，HenrytheSecondwenttoIreland。AllthearchbishopsandbishopsofIrelandmethimatWaterford，receivedhimaskingandlordofIreland，vowingloyalobediencetohimandhissuccessors，andacknowledgingfealtytothemforever。TheseprelateswerefollowedbythekingsofCork，Limerick，Ossory，Meath，andbyReginaldofWaterford。RoderickO"Connor，KingofConnaught，joinedthemin1175。AlltheseacceptedHenrytheSecondofEnglandastheirLordandKing，swearingtobeloyaltohimandhissuccessorsforever。

SuchwasEngland"sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestofIreland。

Irelandwasnotanation，itwasatribalchaos。TheIrishnationofthatdayisalegend，amyth，builtbypoeticimagination。Duringthecen-

turiessucceedingHenrytheSecond，weremanyerasofviolenceandbloodshed。Inreadingthestory，itishardtosaywhichsidecommittedthemostcrimes。Duringthosesamecenturies，violenceandbloodshedandoppressionexistedeverywhereinEurope。UndoubtedlyEnglandwasveryoppressivetoIrelandattimes；butsincethedaysofGladstoneshehassteadilyendeavoredtorelieveIreland，withtheresultthattodaysheisoppressingIrelandratherlessthanourFederalGovernmentisoppressingMassachusetts，orSouthCarolina，oranyState。BytheWyndhamLandActof1903，Irelandwasplacedinapositionsoadvantageous，soutterlythereverseofoppression，thatDillon，thepresentleader，hastenedtoob-

structtheoperationoftheAct，lesttheIrishgeniusforgrievancemightperishfromstarvation。Examinethestateofthingsforyourself，I

cannotswellthisbookwiththedetails；theyareasaccessibletoyouasthefewfactsabouttheconquestwhichIhavejustnarrated。Examinethefacts，butevenwithoutexaminingthem，askyourselfthisquestion:WithCanada，Australia，andallthoseothercoloniesthatIhavenamedabove，satisfiedwithEngland"srule，hasteningtoherassistance，andwithonlyIrelandsellingherselftoGermany，isitnotjustpossiblethatsomethingisthematterwithIrelandratherthanwithEngland?SinnFeinwillhearofnoHomeRule。SinnFeindemandsindependence。IndependenceSinnFeinwillnotget。NotonlybecauseoftheoutragetounconsentingUlster，butalsobecauseBritain，havingjustgotridofoneHeligolandtotheEast，willnotpermitanothertostartupontheWest。AsearlyasAugust25th，1914，mentioninGermanpaperswasmadeofthepresenceinBerlinofCasementandofhismissiontoinviteGermanytostepintoIrelandwhenEnglandwasfightingGermany。Thetrafficwentsteadilyonfromthattime，andbrokeoutintherevolutionandthecrimesinDublinin1916。EnglanddiscoveredtheplanoftherevolutionjustintimetofoilthelandinginIrelandofGermany，whomIrelandhadinvitedthere。

WereEnglandseekingtobreakloosefromIreland，shecouldsueIrelandforadivorceandnametheKaiserasco-respondent。Anycourtwouldgrantit。

ThepartofIrelandwhichdoesnotdesireindependence，whichdesiresitsolittlethatitwasreadytoresistHomeRulebyforcein1914，isthesteady，thrifty，clean，coherent，prosperouspartofIreland。Itistheother，theunstablepartofIreland，whichhasdeclaredIrelandtobeaRepublic。ForconvenienceIwilldesignatethispartasGreenIreland，andthethrifty，stablepartasOrangeIreland。Sowhenourpoliticianssympathizewithan"Irish"Republic，theybefriendmerelyGreenIreland；theyoffendOrangeIreland。

AmericansarebeingtoldinthesedaysthattheyoweadebtofsupporttoIrishindependence，becausethe"Irish"foughtwithusinourownstruggleforIndependence。Yes，theIrishdid，andwedoowethemadebtofsupport。ButitwastheOrangeIrishwhofoughtinourRevolution，nottheGreenIrish。ThereforeinpayingthedebttotheGreenIrishandclamoringfor"Irish"independence，wearedoublecrossingtheOrangeIrish。

"ItisacuriousfactthatintheRevolutionaryWartheGermansandCatholicIrishshouldhavefurnishedthebulkoftheauxiliariestotheregularEnglishsoldiers；……ThefiercestandmostardentAmericansofall，however，werethePresbyterianIrishsettlersandtheirdescendants。"HistoryofNewYork，p。133，byTheodoreRoosevelt。

Next，inwhatmannerhavetheGreenIrishincurredourthanks?

TheymadetheancientandhonorableassociationofTammanytheirown。

OnceitwasAmerican。NowTammanyisGreenIrish。IdonotbelievethatI

needpausetotellyoumuchaboutTammany。ItdefeatedMitchel，aloyalbuthonestCatholic，andthebestMayorofNearYorkinthirtyyears。Itisadespotismbuiltoncorruptionandfear。

DuringourCivilWar，itwastheGreenIrishthatresistedthedraftinNewYork。Theywouldnotfight。YouhaveheardofthedraftriotsinNewYorkin1862。TheywouldnotfightfortheConfederacyeither。

Duringthefollowingdecade，inPennsylvania，anassociation，calledtheMollyMaguires，terrorizedthecoalregionsuntiltheirreignofassas-

sinationwasbroughttoanendbythedetection，conviction，andexecutionoftheirringleaders。ThesewereGreenIrish。

InCorkandQueenstownduringtherecentwar，ourAmericansailorswereassaultedandstonedbytheGreenIrish，becausetheyhadcometohelpfightGermany。Theseassaults，andtheretaliationstowhichtheyled，becamesoseriousthatnonavalmenundertherankofCommanderwerepermittedtogotoCork。LeadingcitizensofCorkcametobegthatthisorderberescinded。But，uponbeingcross-examined，itwasfoundthattheGreenIrishwhohadmadethetroublehadneverbeenpunished。OfthismanyofushadnewsbeforeAdmiralSimsinTheWorld"sWorkforNovember，pages63-64，gaveithisauthoritativeconfirmation。

Takingoneconsiderationwithanother，ithardlyseemstomethatourdebttotheGreenIrishissufficientlyheavyforustohinderEnglandforthesakeofhelpingthemandGermany。

NotalltheGreenIrishwereguiltyoftheattacksuponoursailors；notallbyanymeanswerepro-German；andIknowpersonallyofloyalRomanCatholicswhoarewhollyonEngland"sside，andarewhollyopposedtoSinnFein。Manysucharehere，manyinIreland:themIdonotmean。ItisSinnFeinthatImean。

In1918，whenEnglandwithherbacktothewallwasfightingGermany，theGreenIrishkilledthedraft。Herefollowing，IgivesomespecificinstancesofwhattheRomanCatholicpriestssaid。

April21st。AftermassatCastletown，BearHaven，FatherBrennanorderedhisflocktoresistconscription，takethesacrament，andtobereadytoresisttothedeath；suchdeathinsuringthefullbenedictionofGodandhisChurch。Ifthepoliceresorttoforce，letthepeoplekillthepoliceastheywouldkillanyonewhothreatenedtheirlives。Ifsoldierscameinsupportofthedraft，letthembetreatedlikethepolice。Policemenandsoldiersdyingintheirattempttocarryoutthedraftlaw，woulddietheenemiesofGod，whilethepeoplewhoresistedthemwoulddieinpeacewithGodandunderthebenedictionofhisChurch。

FatherLynchsaidinchurchatRyehill:"Resistthedraftbyeverymeansinyourpower。AnyminionoftheEnglishGovernmentwhofiresuponyou，aboveallifheisaCatholic，commitsamortalsinandGodwillpunishhim。"

InthechapelatKilgarvanFatherMurphysaid:"EveryIrishmanwhohelpstoapplythedraftinIrelandisnotonlyatraitortohiscountry，butcommitsamortalsinagainstGod"slaw。"

AtmassinScarifftheRev。JamesMacInerneysaid:"NoIrishCatholic，whateverhisstationbe，canhelpthedraftinthiscountrywithoutdenyinghisfaith。"

April28th。AfterhavinggiventhecommuniontothreehundredmeninthechurchatEyries，CountyCork，FatherGeraldDennehysaid:"AnyCatholicwhoeitheraspolicemanorasagentofthegovernmentshallassistinapplyingthedraft，shallbeexcommunicatedandcursedbytheRomanCatholicChurch。ThecurseofGodwillfollowhimineveryland。Youcankillhimatsight，Godwillblessyouanditwillbethemostacceptablesacrificethatyoucanoffer。"

Referringtoanypolicemanwhoshouldattempttoenforcethedraft，FatherMurphysaidatmassinKillenna，"Anypolicemanwhoiskilledinsuchattemptwillbedamnedinhell，evenifhewasinastateofgracethatverymorning。"

Ninety-fivepercentofthoseIrishpolicemenwereCatholicsandhadtorespectthecommandsofthosepriests。

IrelandisEngland"sbusiness，notours。Buttheword"self-determination"appearstohypnotizesomeAmericans。Wemustnotbehypnotizedbythisword。Itisuponthe"principle"expressedinthiswordthatoursympathieswiththeIrishRepublicareasked。ThesixnortheasterncountiesofUlster，onthe"principle"ofself-determination，shouldbeseparatedfromtheIrishRepublic。ButtheGreenIrishwillnotlistentothat。ProtestantsinUlsterhadtolistenintheirownchiefcitytoSinnFeinrejoicingsoverGermanvictories。

Therebellionof1916，whenSinnFeinopenedthebackdoorthatEngland"senemiesmightenteranddestroyher——thisdastardlytreasonwasmadebloodybycowardlyviolence。Theunarmedandtheunsuspectingwereshotdownandstabbedincoldblood。Later，soldierswhocamehomefromthefront，woundedsoldierstoo，werepersecutedandassaulted。ThemenofUlsterdon"twishtofallunderthepoweroftheGreenIrish。

"WedonotknowwhethertheBritishstatesmenarerightinassertingaconnectionbetweenIrishrevolutionaryfeelingandGermanpropaganda。ButinsuchaconnectionweshouldseenosignofabadGermanpolicy。"ThuswroteaPrussiandeputyinDasGrossereDeutschland。Thatwasoverthere。

Thiswasoverhere:——

"ThefraternalunderstandingwhichunitestheAncientOrderofHiberniansandtheGerman-AmericanAlliancereceivesourunqualifiedendorsement。

ThisunityofeffortinallmattersofapublicnatureintendedtocircumventtheeffortsofEnglandtosecureanAnglo-Americanalliancehavebeenproductiveofverysuccessfulresults。ThecongratulationsofthoseofuswholiveundertheflagoftheUnitedStatesareextendedtoourGerman-Americanfellowcitizensupontheconquestswonbythefatherland，andweassurethemofourunshakenconfidencethattheGermanEmpirewillcrushEnglandandaidintheliberationofIreland，andbearealdefenderofsmallnations。"SeetheBostonHeraldofJuly22，1916。

DuringourCivilWar，in1862，aresolutionofsympathywiththeSouthwasstifledinParliament。

OnJune6，1919，ourSenatepassed，withonedissentingvoice，thefollowing，offeredbySenatorWalsh，democrat，ofMassachusetts:

"Resolved，thattheSenateoftheUnitedStatesexpressitssympathywiththeaspirationsoftheIrishpeopleforagovernmentofitsownchoice。"

WhatEnglandwouldnotdofortheSouthin1862，wenowdoagainstEnglandourally，againstUlster，ourfriendinourRevolution，andinsupportofEngland"senemies，SinnFeinandGermany。

Irelandhaslessthan4，500，000inhabitants；Ulster"sshareisaboutonethird，anditsProtestantsoutnumberitsCatholicsbymorethanthreefourths。Besidessuchreprisalsastheysawwroughtuponwoundedsoldiers，theyknowthattheGreenIrishwhoinsistthatUlsterbelongtotheirRepublic，dosobecausetheyplantomakeprosperousandthriftyUlstertheirmilchcow。

Leteveryfair-mindedAmericanpause，then，beforegivinghissympathytoanindependentIrishRepublicontheprincipleofself-determination，oroutofgratitudetotheGreenIrish。LethimrememberthatitwastheOrangeIrishwhohelpedusinourRevolution，andthattheOrangeIrishdonotwantanindependentIrishRepublic。Therewillbenone；ourinterferencemerelymakesGermanyhappyandpossiblyprolongstheexistingchaos；buttherewillbenone。BeforesuchloyalandthinkingCatholicsasthegentlemanwhosaidtomethatwordabout"spoilingtheshipforaha"pennyworthoftar，"andbeforeafirmandcoherentpolicyonEngland"spart，SinnFeinwillfadelikeapoisonousmist。

ChapterXVII:PaintSoldiersofours——manysoldiers，Iamsorrytosay——havecomebackfromCoblenzandotherplacesintheblackspot，sayingthattheyfoundtheinhabitantsoftheblackspotkindandagreeable。TheygivethisreasonforlikingtheGermansbetterthantheydotheEnglish。TheyfoundtheGermansagreeable，theEnglishnotagreeable。Well，thisamountstosomethingasfarasitgoes:buthowfardoesitgo，andhowmuchdoesitamountto?Haveyoueverseenanautomobilepainteduptolooklikenew，anditbrokedownbeforeithadruntenmiles，andyoufounditsinsideswerewrong?Wouldyoubuyanautomobileonthestrengthofthepaint?

Englandoftenneedspaint，butherinsidesareallright。Ifoursoldierslooknodeeperthanthepaint，ifourvoterslooknofurtherthanthepaint，ifourdemocracyneverlooksatanythingbutthepaint，Godhelpourdemocracy!OfcoursetheGermanswereagreeabletooursoldiersafterthearmistice!

AgreeableGermany!——whosanktheLusitania；whosankfivethousandBritishmerchantshipswiththelossoffifteenthousandmen，women，andchildren，allmurderedatsea，withoutachancefortheirlives；whofiredonboat-loadsoftheshipwrecked，whostoodonhersubmarineandlaughedatthedrowningpassengersofthetorpedoedFalaba。

DisagreeableEngland!——whosankfivehundredGermanshipswithoutpermittingasinglelifetobelost，whoneverfiredashotuntilprovisionhadbeenmadeforthesafetyofpassengersandcrews。

AgreeableGermany!——who，assheretreated，poisonedwellsandgassedthecitizensfromwhosevillageshewasrunningaway；whowreckedthechurchesandthehomesofthehelplessliving，andbombedthetombsofthehelplessdead；whowrenchedfamiliesapartinthenight，takingtheirboystoslaveryandtheirgirlstowholesaleviolation，leavingtheoldpeopletowanderinlonelinessanddie；whoinherraidsuponEnglandslaughteredthreehundredandforty-twowomen，andkilledorinjuredsevenhundredandfifty-sevenchildren，andmadeinallalistoffourthousandfivehundredandsixty-eight，bombedbyherairmen；whosetrainednursesmetourwoundedandcapturedmenattherailroadtrainsandheldoutcupsofwaterforthemtosee，andthenpouredthemonthegroundorspatinthem。

DisagreeableEngland!——whosecoloniesrushedtohelpher:Canada，whowithineightweeksafterwarhadbeendeclared，camewithavoluntaryarmyofthirty-threethousandmen；whostoodhergroundagainstthatfirstmeetingwiththepoisongasandsavednotonlytheday，butpossiblythewholecause；whoby1917hadsentoverfourhundredthousandmentohelpdisagreeableEngland；whogaveherwealth，herfood，hersubstance；whopouredeverysymbolofaidandloveintodisagreeableEngland"slaptohelpherbeatagreeableGermany。ThusdidallEngland"scoloniesofferandbringboththemselvesandtheirresources，fromthesmallesttothegreatest；littleNewfoundland，whoseregimentgavesuchheroicaccountofitselfatGallipoli；Australiawhocamewithhercruisers，andwithalsoherarmiestotheWestFrontandinSouthAfrica；

NewZealandwhocamefromtheothersideoftheworldwithmenandmoney——

threemillionpoundsingift，notloan，fromonemillionpeople。AndtheBoers?TheBoers，wholatestofall，nottwentyyearsbefore，hadbeenatwarwithEngland，andconqueredbyher，andthenbyherhadbeengivenaBoerGovernment。WhatdidtheBoersdo?InspiteoftheKaiser"stelegramofsympathy，inspiteofhisplansandhishopes，theytoo，likeCanadaandNewZealandandalltherest，sidedoftheirownfreewillwithdisagreeableEnglandagainstagreeableGermany。TheyfirststampedoutaGermanrebellion，instigatedintheirmidst，andthentheseBoerslefttheirfarms，andcametoEngland"said，anddroveGermanpowerfromSouthwestAfrica。AnddoyourememberthewirethatcamefromIndiatoLondon?"WhatordersfromtheKing-Emperorformeandmymen?"ThesewerethewordsoftheMaharajahofRewa；andthusspoketherestofIndia。ThetroopsshesentcapturedNeueChapelle。FromfirsttolasttheyfoughtinmanyplacesfortheCauseofEngland。

Whatdowords，orpropaganda，whatdoesanythingcountinthefaceofsuchfactsasthese?

AgreeableGermany!——whoaddressesherGod，"ThouwhodwellesthighabovetheCherubim，SeraphimandZeppelin"——ParsonDiedrichVorwerckinhisvolumeHurrahandHallelujah。Germany，whosays，"ItisbettertoletahundredwomenandchildrenbelongingtotheenemydieofhungerthantoletasingleGermansoldiersuffer"——GeneralvonderGoltzinhisTenIronCommandmentsoftheGermanSoldier；Germany，whosesoldierobeysthosecommandmentsthus:"Iamsendingyouaringmadeoutofapieceofshell……DuringthebattleofBudonvillerIdidawaywithfourwomenandsevenyounggirlsinfiveminutes。TheCaptainhadtoldmetoshoottheseFrenchsows，butIpreferredtorunmybayonetthroughthem"——privateJohannWengertohisGermansweetheart，datedPeronne，March16，1915。

Germany，whosenewspapertheCologneVolkszettungdeploredthedoingsofherKulturonlandandseathus:"MuchaswedetestitashumanbeingsandasChristians，yetweexultinitasGermans。"

AgreeableGermany!——whoseKaiser，ifhisfleethadbeenlarger，wouldhavetakenusbythescruffoftheneck。

"ThenThou，AlmightyOne，sendThylightnings!

Letdwellingsandcottagesbecomeashesintheheatoffire。

Letthepeopleinhordesburnanddrownwithwifeandchild。

Maytheirseedbetrampledunderourfeet；

Maywekillgreatandsmallinthelustofjoy。

Mayweplungeourdaggersintotheirbodies，MayPolandreekintheglowoffireandashes。"

ThatisanotherverseofGermany"shymn，hateforPoland；thatisherwayoftakingpeoplebythescruffoftheneck；andthatiswhatSenatorWalsh"sresolutionofsympathywithIreland，Germany"scontemplatedHeligoland，impliesfortheUnitedStates，ifGermany"sdeferreddayshouldcome。

ChapterXVIII:TheWilltoFriendship——ortheWilltoHate?

Nationsdonotlikeeachother。Noplainerfactstaresatusfromthepagesofhistorysincethebeginning。Arewetositdownunderthisforever?Whyshouldwemakenoattempttochangethisforthebetterinthepagesofhistorythatareyettobewritten?Otherevilshavebeenmadebetter。Inthisverywar，theoutcryagainstGermanyhasbeenbecauseshedeliberatelybroughtbackintowarthecrueltiesandthehorrorsofmorebarbaroustimes，andwithcoldcalculationsofpremeditatedsciencemadethesehorrorsworse。OurrecoilfromthisdeedofhersandwhatithasbroughtupontheworldisseeninourwishforaLeagueofNations。Thethoughtofanymorebattles，tenches，submarines，air-raids，starvation，misery，issounbearabletoourbruisedandstrickenminds，thatwehaveputitintowordswhoseimportis，Letushavenomoreofthis!Wehaveatleastputitintowords。Thatsuchwords，thatsuchaLeague，cannowgrowintosomethingmorethanwords，isthehopeofmany，thedoubtofmany，thebeliefofafew。ItisthebeliefofMr。Wilson；ofMr。Taft；LordBryce；andofLordGrey，aquietEnglishman，whosestatesmanshipduringthoselasttenmurkydaysofJuly，1914，whenhestrovetoavertthedreadfulyearsthatfollowed，willshinebrightandpermanent。Wemustnotbechilledbythedoubters。

EspeciallyistheschemedoubtedindearoldEurope。DearoldEuropeissoold；wearesoyoung；wecausehertosmile。Yetitisnotsuchacontemptiblethingtobeyoungandinnocent。Only，yourinnocence，whileitmakesyouanidealist，mustnotblindyoutothefacts。Yourideamustnotrestuponsand。Itmusthavealittlerocktostartwith。ThenearestrockinsightisfriendshipbetweenEnglandandourselves。

Thewilltofriendship——orthewilltohate?Whichdoyouchoose?WhichdoyouthinkisthebestfoundationfortheLeagueofNations?Doyouimaginethatsolongasnationsdonotlikeeachother，thatmerewordsofgoodintention，writtenonmerepaper，aregoingtobeenough?Writedownthewordsbyallmeans，butseetoitthatbehindyourwordsthereshallexistactualgoodwill。Discouragehistoriesforchildren(andforgrown-upstoo)whichbreedinternationaldislike。Suchexistamongusall。Thereisarecentone，writteninEngland，thatneedssomechanges。

ShouldanEnglishmansaytome:

"Ihavethewilltofriendship。IsthereanyparticularthingwhichIcandotohelp?"Ishouldanswerhim:

"Justnow，orinanydaystocome，shouldyoubetemptedtoremindusthatwedidnotprotestagainstthemartyrdomofBelgium，thatwewereabitslowincomingintothewar，——oh，don"tutterthatreproach!Gobacktoyourownpast；look，forinstance，atyourguaranteetoDenmark，atLordJohnRussell"swords:"HerMajestycouldnotseewithindifferenceamilitaryoccupationofHolstein"——andthenseewhatEnglandshirked；andreadthatscathingsentencespokentoherambassadorinRussia:"ThenwemaydismissanyideathatEnglandwillfightonapointofhonor。"Wehadmadeyounosuchguarantee。Wewerethreethousandmilesaway——howfarwasDenmark?

"Andanotherthing。OnAugust6，1919，whenBritain"sthankstoherlandandseaforcesweremovedinbothhousesofParliament，thegentlemanwhomovedthemintheHouseofLordssaidsomethingwhich，asitseemstome，addsnothingtothetributehehadalreadypaidsoeloquently。HehadspokenofthegreaterincentivetocouragewhichtheFrenchandBelgianshad，becausetheirhomesandsoilwereinvaded，whileEngland"ssoldiershadsufferednoinvasionoftheirisland。Theyhadnotthestimulusoftheknowledgethatthefrontieroftheircountryhadbeenviolated，theirhomesbrokenup，theirfamiliesenslaved，orworse。Andthenheadded:"I

havesometimeswonderedinmyownmind，thoughIhavehardlydaredconfessthesentiment，whetherthegallanttroopsofourAllieswouldhavefoughtwithequalspiritandsolongatimeastheydid，hadtheybeenengagedintheHighlandsofScotlandoronthemarchesoftheWelshborder。"Whyexpressthatwonder?Istherenothereaninstanceofthatneedlessoverlookingofthefeelingsofothers，bywhich，intimespast，youhavechilledthoseothers?Lookoutforthat。"

AndshouldanAmericansaytome:

"Ihavethewilltofriendship。WhatcanIpersonallydo?"Ishouldsay:

"Playfair!LookoverourhistoryfromthatTreatyofParisin1783，downthroughtheLouisianaPurchase，theMonroeDoctrine，andManilaBay；lookatthefacts。YouwillseethatnomatterhowacrimoniouslyEnglandhasquarreledwithus，thesewerealwaysfamilyscraps，inwhichsheheldoutforherowninterestsjustaswedidforours。ButwheneverthequestionlaybetweenourselvesandSpain，orFrance，orGermany，oranyforeignpower，Englandstoodwithusagainstthem。

"Andanotherthing。NotallAmericansboast，butwehaveareputationforboasting。OurSecretaryoftheNavygaveournavythewholecreditfortransportingoursoldierstoEuropewhenEnglanddidmorethanhalfofit。AtAnnapolistherehasbeenaposter，showingabigAmericansailorwithadoughboyonhisback，andunderneaththewords，"Weputthemacross。"Abrigadiergeneralhaswrittenabookentitled，HowtheMarinesSavedParis。Besidethemarinesthereweresomeengineers。AndhowaboutMCompanyofthe23rdregimentofthe2ndDivision?ItlostinonedayatChateau-Thierryallitsmenbutseven。Anddidthegeneralforgetthe3rdDivisionbetweenChateau-ThierryandDormans?Don"tbelikethatbrigadiergeneral，anddon"tbelikethatAmericanofficerreturningontheLaplandwhotoldtheBritishathistablehewasgladtogethomeaftercleaningupthemesswhichtheBritishhadmade。ResembleaslittleaspossibleourpresentSecretaryoftheNavy。Avoidboasting。Ourcontributiontovictorywasquiteenoughwithoutboasting。Thehead-masterofoneofourgreatschoolshasputitthustohisschoolboyswhofought:Somepeoplehadtoraiseahundreddollars。Afterstrugglingforyearstheycouldonlyraiseseventy-five。Thenamancamealongandfurnishedtheremainingnecessarytwenty-fivedollars。Thatisagoodwaytoputit。Whatgoodwouldourtwenty-fivedollarshavebeen，andwhereshouldwehavebeen，iftheotherfellowshadn"traisedtheseventy-fivedollarsfirst?"

ChapterXIX:LionandCubMytaskisdone。IhavediscussedwithasmuchbrevityasIcouldthethreefoundationsofourancientgrudgeagainstEngland:ourschooltextbooks，ourvariouscontroversiesfromtheRevolutiontotheAlaskanboundarydispute，andcertaindifferencesincustomsandmanners。SomeofourhistorianstowhomIreferarethemselvesaffectedbytheancientgrudge。Youwillseethisifyoureadthem；youwillfindthefacts，whichtheygivefaithfully，andyouwillalsofindthattheyoften(andI

thinkunconsciously)colorsuchfactsasaretoEngland"sdiscreditandleavepalesuchasaretohercredit，justasweremembertheAlabama，andforgettheLancashirecotton-spinners。Youcannotfailtofind，unlessyouranti-Englishcomplextiltsyourjudgmentincurably，thatEnglandhasbeentous，onthewhole，verymuchmorefriendlythanunfriendly——ifnotatthebeginning，certainlyattheendofeachcontroversy。Whatananti-Englishcomplexcandointhefaceof1914，ishardtoimagine:Canada，Australia，NewZealand，India，theBoers，allGreatBritain"scolonies，comingacrosstheworldtopourtheirgoldandtheirbloodoutforher!Shedidnotaskthem；shecouldnotforcethem；

oftheirownfreewilltheydidit。Inthewholestoryofmankindsuchasplendidtributeofconfidenceandloyaltyhasneverbeforebeenpaidtoanynation。

Inthismany-peopledworldEnglandisournearestrelation。FromBonapartetotheKaiser，neverhassheallowedanyoutsidertoharmus。

Wearehercub。Shehasoftenclawedus，andwehaveclawedherinreturn。Thiswillprobablygoon。Onceearlierinthesepages，Iaskedthereadernottomisinterpretme，andnowattheendImakethesamerequest。IhavenotsoughttopersuadehimthatGreatBritainisacharitableinstitution。Whatnationis，orcouldbe，giventhenatureofman?Hergoodtreatmentofushasbeentoherowninterest。Sheiswise，farseeing，lessofanopportunistinherstatesmanshipthananyothernation。Shehasseenclearlyandevermoreclearlythatourgoodwillwastoheradvantage。Andbeneathherwisdom，atthebottomofall，ishersenseofourkinshipthroughlibertydefinedandassuredbylaw。Ifweweresofar-seeingassheis，wealsoshouldknowthathergoodwillisequallyimportanttous:notaloneformaterialreasons，orforthesakeofoursafety，butalsoforthosefewdeep，ultimateidealsoflaw，liberty，life，manhoodandwomanhood，whichwesharewithher，whichwegotfromher，becausesheisournearestrelationinthismany-peopledworld。