第6章

TheConflictofWillsTheworldwagsinspiteofitsschoolsanditsfamiliesbecausebothschoolsandfamiliesaremostlyverylargelyanarchic:parentsandschoolmastersaregood-naturedorweakorlazy；andchildrenaredocileandaffectionateandveryshortwindedintheirfitsofnaughtiness；andsomostfamiliesslummockalongandmuddlethroughuntilthechildrenceasetobechildren。Inthefewcaseswhenthepartiesareenergeticanddetermined，thechildiscrushedortheparentisreducedtoacipher，asthecasemaybe。Whentheopposedforcesareneitherofthemstrongenoughtoannihilatetheother，thereisserioustrouble:thatishowwegetthosefeudsbetweenparentandchildwhichrecurtoourmemorysoironicallywhenwehearpeoplesentimentalizingaboutnaturalaffection。Weevengettragedies；forthereisnothingsotragictocontemplateorsodevastatingtosufferastheoppressionofwillwithoutconscience；

andthewholetendencyofourfamilyandschoolsystemistosetthewilloftheparentandtheschooldespotaboveconscienceassomethingthatmustbedeferredtoabjectlyandabsolutelyforitsownsake。

Thestrongest，fiercestforceinnatureishumanwill。Itisthehighestorganizationweknowofthewillthathascreatedthewholeuniverse。Nowallhonestcivilization，religion，law，andconventionisanattempttokeepthisforcewithinbeneficentbounds。Whatcorruptscivilization，religion，law，andconvention(andtheyareatpresentprettynearlyascorruptastheydare)istheconstantattemptsmadebythewillsofindividualsandclassestothwartthewillsandenslavethepowersofotherindividualsandclasses。Thepowersoftheparentandtheschoolmaster，andoftheirpublicanaloguesthelawgiverandthejudge，becomeinstrumentsoftyrannyinthehandsofthosewhoaretoonarrow-mindedtounderstandlawandexercisejudgment；andintheirhands(withustheymostlyfallintosuchhands)lawbecomestyranny。Andwhatisatyrant?Quitesimplyapersonwhosaystoanotherperson，youngorold，"YoushalldoasI

tellyou；youshallmakewhatIwant；youshallprofessmycreed；youshallhavenowillofyourown；andyourpowersshallbeatthedisposalofmywill。"Ithascometothisatlast:thatthephrase"shehasawillofherown，"or"hehasawillofhisown"hascometodenoteapersonofexceptionalobstinacyandself-assertion。Andevenpersonsofgoodnaturaldisposition，ifbroughtuptoexpectsuchdeference，arerousedtounreasoningfury，andsometimestothecommissionofatrociouscrimes，bytheslightestchallengetotheirauthority。Thusalaborermaybedirty，drunken，untruthful，slothful，untrustworthyineverywaywithoutexhaustingtheindulgenceofthecountryhouse。Butlethimdaretobe"disrespectful"andheisalostman，thoughhebethecleanest，soberest，mostdiligent，mostveracious，mosttrustworthymaninthecounty。Dickens"sinstinctfordetectingsocialcankersneverservedhimbetterthanwhenheshewedusMrsHeepteachinghersonto"beumble，"knowingthatifhecarriedoutthatprecepthemightbeprettywellanythingelseheliked。

Themaintenanceofdeferencetoourwillsbecomesamaniawhichwillcarrythebestofustoanyextremity。WewillallowavillageofEgyptianfellaheenorIndiantribesmentolivethelowestlifetheypleaseamongthemselveswithoutmolestation；butletoneofthemslayanEnglishmanorevenstrikehimonthestrongestprovocation，andstraightwaywegostarkmad，burninganddestroying，shootingandshelling，floggingandhanging，ifonlysuchsurvivorsaswemayleavearethoroughlycowedinthepresenceofamanwithawhiteface。Inthecommitteeroomofalocalcouncilorcitycorporation，thehumblestemployeesofthecommitteefinddefendersiftheycomplainofharshtreatment。Gratuitiesarevoted，indulgencesandholidaysarepleadedfor，delinquenciesareexcusedinthemostsentimentalmannerprovidedonlytheemployee，howeverpatentahypocriteorincorrigibleaslacker，ishatinhand。ButletthemostobviousmeasureofjusticebedemandedbythesecretaryofaTradeUnionintermswhichomitallexpressionsofsubservience，anditiswiththegreatestdifficultythatthecooler-headedcandefeatangrymotionsthattheletterbethrownintothewastepaperbasketandthecommitteeproceedtothenextbusiness。

TheDemagogue"sOpportunityAndtheemployeehasinhimthesamefierceimpulsetoimposehiswillwithoutrespectforthewillofothers。Democracyisinpracticenothingbutadeviceforcajolingfromhimthevoteherefusestoarbitraryauthority。HewillnotvoteforCoriolanus；butwhenanexperienceddemagoguecomesalongandsays，"Sir:_you_arethedictator:thevoiceofthepeopleisthevoiceofGod；andIamonlyyourveryhumbleservant，"hesaysatonce，"Allright:tellmewhattodictate，"andispresentlyenslavedmoreeffectuallywithhisownsillyconsentthanCoriolanuswouldeverhaveenslavedhimwithoutaskinghisleave。AndthetrickbywhichthedemagoguedefeatsCoriolanusisplayedonhiminhisturnby_his_inferiors。

Everywhereweseethecunningsucceedingintheworldbyseekingarichorpowerfulmasterandpractisingonhislustforsubservience。

Thepoliticaladventurerwhogetsintoparliamentbyofferinghimselftothepoorvoter，notashisrepresentativebutashiswill-lesssoulless"delegate，"ishimselfthedupeofacleverwifewhorepudiatesVotesforWomen，knowingwellthatwhilstthemanismaster，theman"smistresswillrule。UriahHeepmaybeacrawlingcreature；buthiscrawlingtakeshimupstairs。

Thusdoestheselfishnessofthewillturnonitself，andobtainbyflatterywhatitcannotseizebyopenforce。Democracybecomesthelatesttrickoftyranny:"womanliness"becomesthelatestwileofprostitution。

Betweenparentandchildthesameconflictwagesandthesamedestructionofcharacterensues。Parentssetthemselvestobendthewilloftheirchildrentotheirown——tobreaktheirstubbornspirit，astheycallit——withtheruthlessnessofGrandInquisitors。Cunning，unscrupulouschildrenlearnalltheartsofthesneakincircumventingtyranny:childrenofbettercharacterarecruellydistressedandmoreorlesslamedforlifebyit。

OurQuarrelsomenessAsbetweenadults，wefindageneralquarrelsomenesswhichmakespoliticalreformasimpossibletomostEnglishmenastohogs。Certainsectionsofthenationgetcuredofthisdisability。Universitymen，sailors，andpoliticiansarecomparativelyfreefromit，becausethecommunallifeoftheUniversity，thefactthatinashipamanmusteitherlearntoconsiderothersorelsegooverboardorintoirons，andthehabitofworkingoncommitteesandceasingtoexpectmoreofone"sownwaythanisincludedinthegreatestcommonmeasureofthecommittee，educatethewillsocially。

ButnoonewhohaseverhadtoguideacommitteeofordinaryprivateEnglishmenthroughtheirfirstattemptsatcollectiveaction，incommitteeorotherwise，canretainanyillusionsastotheappallingeffectsonournationalmannersandcharacteroftheorganizationofthehomeandtheschoolaspettytyrannies，andtheabsenceofallteachingofself-respectandtraininginself-assertion。Bulliedandorderedabout，theEnglishmanobeyslikeasheep，evadeslikeaknave，ortriestomurderhisoppressor。Merelycriticizedoropposedincommittee，orinvitedtoconsideranybody"sviewsbuthisown，hefeelspersonallyinsultedandwantstoresignorleavetheroomunlessheisapologizedto。Andhispanicandbewildermentwhenheseesthattheolderhandsattheworkhavenopatiencewithhimanddonotintendtotreathimasinfallible，arepitiableasfarastheyareanythingbutludicrous。

Thatiswhatcomesofnotbeingtaughttoconsiderotherpeople"swills，andlefttosubmittothemortoover-ridethemasiftheywerethewindsandtheweather。Suchastateofmindisincompatiblenotonlywiththedemocraticintroductionofhighcivilization，butwiththecomprehensionandmaintenanceofsuchcivilizedinstitutionsashavebeenintroducedbybenevolentandintelligentdespotsandaristocrats。

WeMustReformSocietybeforewecanReformOurselvesWhenwecometothepositiveproblemofwhattodowithchildrenifwearetogiveuptheestablishedplan，wefindthedifficultiessogreatthatwebegintounderstandwhysomanypeoplewhodetestthesystemandlookbackwithloathingontheirownschooldays，musthelplesslysendtheirchildrentotheveryschoolstheythemselvesweresentto，becausethereisnoalternativeexceptabandoningthechildrentoundisciplinedvagabondism。Maninsocietymustdoaseverybodyelsedoesinhisclass:onlyfoolsandromanticnovicesimaginethatfreedomisamerematterofthereadinessoftheindividualtosnaphisfingersatconvention。Itistruethatmostofusliveinaconditionofquiteunnecessaryinhibition，wearinguglyanduncomfortableclothes，makingourselvesandotherpeoplemiserablebytheheathenhorrorsofmourning，stayingawayfromthetheatre

becausewecannotaffordthestallsandareashamedtogotothepit，andindozensofotherwaysenslavingourselveswhentherearecomfortablealternativesopentouswithoutanyrealdrawbacks。Thecontemplationofthesepettyslaveries，andofthetriumphanteasewithwhichsensiblepeoplethrowthemoff，createsanimpressionthatifweonlytakeJohnson"sadvicetofreeourmindsfromcant，wecanachievefreedom。Butifweallfreedourmindsfromcantweshouldfindthatforthemostpartweshouldhavetogoondoingthenecessaryworkoftheworldexactlyaswediditbeforeuntilweorganizednewandfreemethodsofdoingit。Manypeoplebelievedinsecondaryco-education(boysandgirlstaughttogether)beforeschoolslikeBedaleswerefounded:indeedthepracticewascommonenoughinelementaryschoolsandinScotland；buttheirbeliefdidnothelpthemuntilBedalesandStGeorge"swereorganized；andtherearestillnotnearlyenoughco-educationalschoolsinexistencetoaccommodateallthechildrenoftheparentswhobelieveinco-educationuptouniversityage，even

iftheycouldalwaysaffordthefeesoftheseexceptionalschools。Itmaybeedifyingtotelladukethatourpublicschoolsareallwrongintheirconstitutionandmethods，oracostermongerthatchildrenshouldbetreatedasinGoethe"sWilhelmMeisterinsteadofastheyaretreatedattheelementaryschoolatthecornerofhisstreet；butwhatarethedukeandthecostertodo?Neitherofthemhasanyeffectivechoiceinthematter:theirchildrenmusteithergototheschoolsthatare，ortonoschoolatall。Andasthedukethinkswithreasonthathissonwillbealoutoramilksoporaprigifhedoesnotgotoschool，andthecosterknowsthathissonwillbecomeanilliteratehooliganifheislefttothestreets，

thereisnorealalternativeforeitherofthem。Childlifemustbesociallyorganized:noparent，richorpoor，canchooseinstitutionsthatdonotexist；andtheprivateenterpriseofindividualschoolmastersappealingtoagroupofwell-to-doparents，thoughitmayshewwhatcanbedonebyenthusiastswithnewmethods，cannottouchthemassofourchildren。Fortheaverageparentorchildnothingisreallyavailableexcepttheestablishedpractice；andthisiswhatmakesitsoimportantthattheestablishedpracticeshouldbeasoundone，andsouselessforcleverindividualstodisparageitunlesstheycanorganizeanalternativepracticeandmakeit，too，general。

ThePursuitofMannersIfyoucross-examinethedukeandthecoster，youwillfindthattheyarenotconcernedforthescholasticattainmentsoftheirchildren。

Askthedukewhetherhecouldpassthestandardexaminationoftwelve-year-oldchildreninelementaryschools，andhewilladmit，withanentirelyplacidsmile，thathewouldalmostcertainlybeignominiouslyplucked。Andheissolittleashamedofordisadvantagedbyhisconditionthatheisnotpreparedtospendanhourinremedyingit。Thecostermayresenttheinquiryinsteadofbeingamusedbyit；buthisanswer，iftrue，willbethesame。Whattheybothwantfortheirchildrenisthecommunaltraining，theapprenticeshiptosociety，thelessonsinholdingone"sownamongpeopleofallsortswithwhomoneisnot，asinthehome，onprivilegedterms。

Thesecanbeacquiredonlyby"mixingwiththeworld，"nomatterhowwickedtheworldis。NoparentcarestwopencewhetherhischildrencanwriteLatinhexametersorrepeatthedatesoftheaccessionofalltheEnglishmonarchssincetheConqueror；butallparentsareearnestlyanxiousaboutthemannersoftheirchildren。

BetterClaudeDuvalthanKasparHauser。Laborerswhoarecontemptuouslyanti-clericalintheiropinionswillsendtheirdaughterstotheconventschoolbecausethenunsteachthemsomesortofgentlenessofspeechandbehavior。Andpeerswhotellyouthatourpublicschoolsarerottenthroughandthrough，andthatourUniversitiesoughttoberazedtothefoundations，sendtheirsonstoEtonandOxford，HarrowandCambridge，notonlybecausethereisnothingelsetobedone，butbecausetheseplaces，thoughtheyturnoutblackguardsandignoramusesandboobiesgalore，turnthemoutwiththehabitsandmannersofthesocietytheybelongto。Badasthosemannersareinmanyrespects，theyarebetterthannomannersatall。

Andnoindividualorfamilycanpossiblyteachthem。Theycanbeacquiredonlybylivinginanorganizedcommunityinwhichtheyaretraditional。

Thusweseethattherearereasonsforthesegregationofchildreneveninfamilieswherethegreatreason:namely，thatchildrenarenuisancestoadults，doesnotpressveryhardly，as，forinstance，inthehousesoftheverypoor，whocansendtheirchildrentoplayinthestreets，orthehousesoftheveryrich，whicharesolargethatthechildren"squarterscanbekeptoutoftheparents"wayliketheservants"quarters。

NottoomuchWindontheHeath，BrotherWhat，then，istobedone?Forthepresent，unfortunately，littleexceptpropagatingtheconceptionofChildren"sRights。OnlytheachievementofeconomicequalitythroughSocialismcanmakeitpossibletodealthoroughlywiththequestionfromthepointofviewofthetotalinterestofthecommunity，whichmustalwaysconsistofgrown-upchildren。Yeteconomicequality，likeallsimpleandobviousarrangements，seemsimpossibletopeoplebroughtupaschildrenarenow。Still，somethingcanbedoneevenwithinclasslimits。Largecommunitiesofchildrenofthesameclassarepossibletoday；andvoluntaryorganizationofoutdoorlifeforchildrenhasalreadybeguninBoyScoutingandexcursionsofonekindoranother。Thediscoverythatanything，evenschoollife，isbetterforthechildthanhomelife，willbecomeanover-riddenhobby；andweshallpresentlybetoldbyourfaddiststhatanything，evencamplife，isbetterthanschoollife。Someblunderingbeginningsofthisarealreadyperceptible。

ThereisamovementformakingourBritishchildrenintopriggishlittlebarefootedvagabonds，alltalkinglikethatbornfoolGeorgeBorrow，andsupposedtobesplendidlyhealthybecausetheywoulddieiftheysleptinroomswiththewindowsshut，orperhapsevenwitharoofovertheirheads。Still，thisisafairlyhealthyfolly；anditmaydosomethingtoestablishMrHaroldCox"sclaimofaRighttoRoamasthebasisofamuchneededlawcompellingproprietorsoflandtoprovideplentyofgatesintheirfences，andtoleavethemunlockedwhentherearenogrowingcropstobedamagednorbullstobeencountered，insteadof，asatpresent，imprisoningthehumanraceindustyormuddythoroughfaresbetweenwallsofbarbedwire。

Thereactionagainstvagabondagewillcomefromthechildrenthemselves。Forthemfreedomwillnotmeantheexpensivekindofsavagerynowcalled"thesimplelife。"Theirnaturaldisgustwiththevisionsofcockneybookfanciersblowingthemselvesoutwith"thewindontheheath，brother，"andofanarchists

whoareeithertooweaktounderstandthatmenarestrongandfreeinproportiontothesocialpressuretheycanstandandthecomplexityoftheobligationstheyarepreparedtoundertake，ortoostrongtorealizethatwhatisfreedomtothemmaybeterrorandbewildermenttoothers，willdrivethembacktothehomeandtheschoolifthesehavemeanwhilelearnedthelessonthatchildrenareindependenthumanbeingsandhaverights。

Wanted:aChild"sMagnaChartaWhetherweshallpresentlybediscussingaJuvenileMagnaChartaorDeclarationofRightsbywayofincludingchildrenintheConstitutionisaquestiononwhichIleaveotherstospeculate。Butifitcouldoncebeestablishedthatachildhasanadult"sRightofEgressfromuncomfortableplacesandunpleasantcompany，andtherewerechildren"slawyerstosuepedagoguesandothersforassaultandimprisonment，therewouldbeanamazingchangeinthebehaviorofschoolmasters，thequalityofschoolbooks，andtheamenitiesofschoollife。ThatConsciousnessofConsentwhich，eveninitspresentdelusiveform，hasenabledDemocracytoousttyrannicalsystemsinspiteofall

itsvulgaritiesandstupiditiesandrancorsandineptitudesandignorances，wouldoperateaspowerfullyamongchildrenasitdoesnowamonggrown-ups。Nodoubtthepedagoguewouldpromptlyturndemagogue，andwoohisscholarsbyalltheartsofdemagogy；butnoneoftheseartscaneasilybesodishonorableormischievousastheartofcaning。And，afterall，iflargerlibertiesareattachedtotheacquisitionofknowledge，andthechildfindsthatitcannomoregototheseasidewithoutaknowledgeofthemultiplicationandpencetablesthanitcanbeanastronomerwithoutmathematics，itwilllearnthemultiplicationtable，whichismorethanitalwaysdoesatpresent，inspiteofallthecaningsandkeepingsin。

ThePursuitofLearningWhenthePursuitofLearningcomestomeanthepursuitoflearningbythechildinsteadofthepursuitofthechildbyLearning，caneinhand，thedangerwillbeprecocityoftheintellect，whichisjustasundesirableasprecocityoftheemotions。Westillhaveasillyhabitoftalkingandthinkingasifintellectwereamechanicalprocessandnotapassion；andinspiteoftheGermantutorswhoconfessopenlythatthreeoutofeveryfiveoftheyoungmentheycoachforexaminationsarelamedforlifethereby；inspiteofDickensandhispictureoflittlePaulDombeydyingoflessons，wepersistinheapingongrowingchildrenandadolescentyouthsandmaidenstasksPythagoraswouldhavedeclinedout

ofcommonregardforhisownhealthandcommonmodestyastohisowncapacity。Andthisoverworkisnotalltheeffectofcompulsion；fortheaverageschoolmasterdoesnotcompelhisscholarstolearn:heonlyscoldsandpunishesthemiftheydonot，whichisquiteadifferentthing，theneteffectbeingthattheschoolprisonersneednotlearnunlesstheylike。Nay，itissometimesremarkedthattheschooldunce——meaningtheonewhodoesnotlike——oftenturnsoutwellafterwards，asifidlenesswereasignofabilityandcharacter。Amuchmoresensibleexplanationisthattheso-calledduncesarenotexhaustedbeforetheybegintheseriousbusinessoflife。Itissaidthatboyswillbeboys；andonecanonlyaddonewishestheywould。Boysreallywanttobemanly，andareunfortunatelyencouragedthoughtlesslyinthisverydangerousandoverstrainingaspiration。Allthepeoplewhohavereallyworked(HerbertSpencerforinstance)warnusagainstworkasearnestlyassomepeoplewarnusagainstdrink。Whenlearningisplacedonthevoluntaryfootingofsport，theteacherwillfindhimselfsayingeveryday"Runawayandplay:youhaveworkedasmuchasisgoodforyou。"

Tryingtomakechildrenleaveschoolwillbeliketryingtomakethemgotobed；anditwillbenecessarytosurprisethemwiththeideathatteachingiswork，andthattheteacheristiredandmustgoplayorrestoreat:possibilitiesalwaysconcealedbythatinfamoushumbugthecurrentschoolmaster，whoachievesaspuriousdivinityandawitchdoctor"sauthoritybypersuadingchildrenthatheisnothuman，justasladiespersuadethemthattheyhavenolegs。

ChildrenandGame:aProposalOfthemanywildabsurditiesofourexistingsocialorderperhapsthemostgrotesqueisthecostlyandstrictlyenforcedreservationoflargetractsofcountryasdeerforestsandbreedinggroundsforpheasantswhilstthereissolittleprovisionofthekindmadeforchildren。Ihavemorethanoncethoughtoftryingtointroducetheshootingofchildrenasasport，asthechildrenwouldthenbepreservedverycarefullyfortenmonthsintheyear，therebyreducingtheirdeathratefarmorethanthefusilladesofthesportsmenduringtheothertwowouldraiseit。Atpresentthekillingofafoxexceptbyapackoffoxhoundsisregardedwithhorror；butyoumayanddokillchildreninahundredandfiftywaysprovidedyoudonotshootthemorsetapackofdogsonthem。Itmustbeadmittedthatthefoxeshavethebestofit；andindeedaglanceatourpheasants，ourdeer，andourchildrenwillconvincethemostscepticalthatthechildrenhavedecidedlytheworstofit。

Thismuchhope，however，canbeextractedfromthepresentstateofthings。Itissofantastic，somad，soapparentlyimpossible，thatnoschemeofreformneedeverhenceforthbediscreditedonthegroundthatitisfantasticormadorapparentlyimpossible。Itisthesensibleschemes，unfortunately，thatarehopelessinEngland。

ThereforeIhavegreathopesthatmyownviews，thoughfundamentallysensible，canbemadetoappearfantasticenoughtohaveachance。

First，then，Ilayitdownasaprimeconditionofsanesociety，obviousassuchtoanyonebutanidiot，thatinanydecentcommunity，childrenshouldfindineverypartoftheirnativecountry，food，clothing，lodging，instruction，andparentalkindnessfortheasking。

Forthematterofthat，soshouldadults；butthetwocasesdifferinthatasthesecommoditiesdonotgrowonthebushes，theadultscannothavethemunlesstheythemselvesorganizeandprovidethesupply，whereasthechildrenmusthavethemasifbymagic，withnothingtodobutrubthelamp，likeAladdin，andhavetheirneedssatisfied。

TheParents"IntolerableBurdenThereisnothingnewinthis:itishowchildrenhavealwayshadandmustalwayshavetheirneedssatisfied。TheparenthastoplaythepartofAladdin"sdjinn；andmanyaparenthassunkbeneaththeburdenofthisservice。Allthenoveltyweneedistoorganizeitsothatinsteadoftheindividualchildfasteninglikeaparasiteonitsownparticularparents，thewholebodyofchildrenshouldbethrownnotonlyuponthewholebodyofparents，butuponthecelibatesandchildlessaswell，whosepresentexemptionfromafullshareinthesocialburdenofchildrenisobviouslyunjustandunwholesome。Todayitiseasytofindawidowwhohasatgreatcosttoherselfinpain，danger，anddisablement，bornesixoreightchildren。Inthesametownyouwillfindrichbachelorsandoldmaids，andmarriedcoupleswithnochildrenorwithfamiliesvoluntarilylimitedtotwoorthree。

Theeightchildrendonotbelongtothewomaninanyrealorlegalsense。Whenshehasrearedthemtheypassawayfromherintothecommunityasindependentpersons，marryingstrangers，workingforstrangers，spendingonthecommunitythelifethathasbeenbuiltupatherexpense。Nomoremonstrousinjusticecouldbeimaginedthanthattheburdenofrearingthechildrenshouldfallonheraloneandnotonthecelibatesandtheselfishaswell。

Thisissofarrecognizedthatalreadythechildfinds，whereveritgoes，aschoolforit，andsomebodytoforceitintotheschool；andmoreandmoretheseschoolsarebeingdrivenbythemerelogicoffactstoprovidethechildrenwithmeals，withboots，withspectacles，withdentistsanddoctors。Infact，whenthechild"sparentsaredestituteornottobefound，bread，lodging，andclothingareprovided。ItistruethattheyareprovidedgrudginglyandonconditionsinfamousenoughtodrawdownabundantfirefromHeavenuponuseverydayintheshapeofcrimeanddiseaseandvice；butstillthepracticeofkeepingchildrenbarelyaliveatthechargeofthecommunityisestablished；andthereisnoneedformetoargueaboutit。

Iproposeonlytwoextensionsofthepractice。Oneistoprovideforallthechild"sreasonablehumanwants，onwhichpoint，ifyoudifferfromme，Ishalltakeleavetosaythatyouaresociallyafoolandpersonallyaninhumanwretch。Theotheristhatthesewantsshouldbesuppliedincompletefreedomfromcompulsoryschoolingorcompulsoryanythingexceptrestraintfromcrime，though，astheycanbesuppliedonlybysocialorganization，thechildmustbeconsciousofandsubjecttotheconditionsofthatorganization，whichmayinvolvesuchportionsofadultresponsibilityanddutyasachildmaybeabletobearaccordingtoitsage，andwhichwillinanycasepreventitfromformingthevagabondandanarchisthabitofmind。

Onemoreexceptionmightbenecessary:compulsoryfreedom。Iamsurethatachildshouldnotbeimprisonedinaschool。Iamnotsosurethatitshouldnotsometimesbedrivenoutintotheopen——imprisonedinthewoodsandonthemountains，asitwere。Fortherearefrowstychildren，justastherearefrowstyadults，whodontwantfreedom。

Thismorbidresultofover-domesticationwould，letushope，soondisappearwithitscause。